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Psych 207 - Lifespan Development > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

what was Piaget’s theory of baby’s?

A

Babies assimilates incoming information to the limited array of schemes through sensory information.

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2
Q

What is sensorimotor stage?

A

the period during which infants develop and refine info through looking, sucking, grasping, etc.

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3
Q

Primary Circular Reaction?

A

When a baby repeats some action to trigger a certain reaction inside the body.

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4
Q

Secondary circular reaction

A

when a baby repeats some action to trigger a certain reaction outside of her own body.

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5
Q

What age do babies start to understand connections?

A

8-12 months.

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6
Q

What is means-end behaviour

A

The ability to keep a goal in mind and devise a plan to achieve it.

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7
Q

Teritary Circular Reactions

A

From 12-18 months, the baby does not repeat the original behaviour, but adapts and uses variations.

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8
Q

What is a preoperational stage?

A

When young children learn how to use symbols, including numbers, ato learn about the world and communications.

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9
Q

What is a concrete-operational stage?

A

When children develop the ability to use simple logical operations to learn about and interact with the world.

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10
Q

What is the formal operational stage?

A

When adolescents develop the ability to think logically and systematically, to think about abstract and hypothetical ideas.

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11
Q

What is a schema?

A

Psychological structures that organize expeirence through mental categories and conceptual knowledge.

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12
Q

What is assimilation?

A

Cognitively incorperating new experiences into existing schemas.

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13
Q

What is accommodation:?

A

Cognitive modification of schemas as a result of experience?

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14
Q

What is observational learning?

A

Involves changes in behaviour that results from watching others.

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15
Q

What is imitation?

A

recreating someone else’s motor behaviour or expresison.

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16
Q

What is language?

A

A form of communication that involves the use of spoken written or gestural symbols that are combined in a rule-based form.

17
Q

How does language differ from communcation?

A

Language is:
- Symbolic
- Structured and meaningful
- Shows displacement
- generativity.

18
Q

What is receptive Language?

A

Ability to understand messages through listening or reading?

19
Q

What is expressive language?

A

Ability to produce or generate meaningful messages through speech, sign language, or writing.

20
Q

What are phonemes?

A

The most basic unit of speech sounds.

21
Q

What is infant directed speech?

A

Special form of speech which adults use for infants:
- Pitch of voice becomes higher
- Inotations is exaggerated
- Words and phrases are repeated.

22
Q

When does the Slow Expansion start for an infant, and what are their traits?

A

12-18 months, language develops at a slow but steady pace.
- aquires 1-3 new spoken words per week/

23
Q

What is holophrase?

A

When a single word is used to represent a whole sentence.

24
Q

What is overextension?

A

When the use of a single word is to represent a variety of related objects.

25
Q

What is underextension?

A

applying a general word to a specific object.

26
Q

When does the Naming Explosion happen, and what are their traits?

A

18-24 months. Language production increases rapidly from 5-10 new words per week.
- Start to use color and emotions,.

27
Q

What is fast mapping?

A

The child’s ability to connect new words into meanings so they cannot be considering all possible meanings.

28
Q

What is telegraphic speech?

A

When two word phrases strip away connecting words such as ‘the’ and ‘and.’

29
Q

When does language formally develop. and what happens during then?

A

24-36 months, kids start to use prepositions. has better understanding of categories.

30
Q

What is the Bayley scale of toddler and infant developmenht?

A
  1. Cognitive scale - attention, exploration, and matching
  2. Language scale - understanding and use of language
    Motor scale - fine and gross motor skills.
31
Q

Cognitive Scale - How do children learn about the world?

A
  • Get curious over new things
  • Attention to familiar and unfamiliar objects
  • How they play with different kind of toys.
32
Q

how do parents usually teach children of cognitive scaling?

A
  • Bringing them outside
  • Giving them colourful toys
  • Asking or interacting the child of what they did today
  • Talk about events of the kid.
33
Q

What is the Language Scale?

A

How children adapt to sounds.

  • Receptive communcations.

Psych 207 - Lifespan Development (6 decks)

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