Chapter 5 Flashcards
what was Piaget’s theory of baby’s?
Babies assimilates incoming information to the limited array of schemes through sensory information.
What is sensorimotor stage?
the period during which infants develop and refine info through looking, sucking, grasping, etc.
Primary Circular Reaction?
When a baby repeats some action to trigger a certain reaction inside the body.
Secondary circular reaction
when a baby repeats some action to trigger a certain reaction outside of her own body.
What age do babies start to understand connections?
8-12 months.
What is means-end behaviour
The ability to keep a goal in mind and devise a plan to achieve it.
Teritary Circular Reactions
From 12-18 months, the baby does not repeat the original behaviour, but adapts and uses variations.
What is a preoperational stage?
When young children learn how to use symbols, including numbers, ato learn about the world and communications.
What is a concrete-operational stage?
When children develop the ability to use simple logical operations to learn about and interact with the world.
What is the formal operational stage?
When adolescents develop the ability to think logically and systematically, to think about abstract and hypothetical ideas.
What is a schema?
Psychological structures that organize expeirence through mental categories and conceptual knowledge.
What is assimilation?
Cognitively incorperating new experiences into existing schemas.
What is accommodation:?
Cognitive modification of schemas as a result of experience?
What is observational learning?
Involves changes in behaviour that results from watching others.
What is imitation?
recreating someone else’s motor behaviour or expresison.
What is language?
A form of communication that involves the use of spoken written or gestural symbols that are combined in a rule-based form.
How does language differ from communcation?
Language is:
- Symbolic
- Structured and meaningful
- Shows displacement
- generativity.
What is receptive Language?
Ability to understand messages through listening or reading?
What is expressive language?
Ability to produce or generate meaningful messages through speech, sign language, or writing.
What are phonemes?
The most basic unit of speech sounds.
What is infant directed speech?
Special form of speech which adults use for infants:
- Pitch of voice becomes higher
- Inotations is exaggerated
- Words and phrases are repeated.
When does the Slow Expansion start for an infant, and what are their traits?
12-18 months, language develops at a slow but steady pace.
- aquires 1-3 new spoken words per week/
What is holophrase?
When a single word is used to represent a whole sentence.
What is overextension?
When the use of a single word is to represent a variety of related objects.
What is underextension?
applying a general word to a specific object.
When does the Naming Explosion happen, and what are their traits?
18-24 months. Language production increases rapidly from 5-10 new words per week.
- Start to use color and emotions,.
What is fast mapping?
The child’s ability to connect new words into meanings so they cannot be considering all possible meanings.
What is telegraphic speech?
When two word phrases strip away connecting words such as ‘the’ and ‘and.’
When does language formally develop. and what happens during then?
24-36 months, kids start to use prepositions. has better understanding of categories.
What is the Bayley scale of toddler and infant developmenht?
- Cognitive scale - attention, exploration, and matching
- Language scale - understanding and use of language
Motor scale - fine and gross motor skills.
Cognitive Scale - How do children learn about the world?
- Get curious over new things
- Attention to familiar and unfamiliar objects
- How they play with different kind of toys.
how do parents usually teach children of cognitive scaling?
- Bringing them outside
- Giving them colourful toys
- Asking or interacting the child of what they did today
- Talk about events of the kid.
What is the Language Scale?
How children adapt to sounds.
- Receptive communcations.
