Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cellular and Molecular Biology > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

polymer

A

a long molecule consisting of many similar building blocks (built by monomers)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Monomer

A

One single molecule that, with others, becomes a polymer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Dehydration reaction

A

Assembles monomers into polymers (H2O is taken out)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Hydrolysis

A

Disassembles polymers into monomers (H2O is put in)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Sugars

A

Form rings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Monosaccharides

A

simple sugars (Formulas will be a multiple of CH2O) that serve as fuel and building blocks for molecules. Glucose is the most common

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the most common Monosaccharide

A

glucose (C6H12O6)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Aldoses

A

Has a carbonyl group at the end of the chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Ketoses

A

Has one ketone group per molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Disaccharides

A

Formed when dehydration joins two monosaccharides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Glycosidic linkage

A

The covalent bond that joins two sugars together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Polysaccharides

A

The polymers of sugars - function and structure is based on the sugar monomers and positions of glycosidic linkages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the storage polysaccharides

A

Starch and Glycogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Starch

A

Storage polysaccharide in plants which consists of glucose monomers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the two parts of starch polymers

A

Amylose (unbranched) and Amylopectin (somewhat branched)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Glycogen

A

Storage polysaccharide in animals that is extremely branched

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the structural polysaccharides

A

Cellulose and Chitin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Cellulose

A

Glucose polymer in plant cell walls - linkages differ based on the alpha and beta ring structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What ring structure is this

A

Alpha Glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What ring structure is this

A

Beta Glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What kind of linkage is this

A

Starch: 1-4 linkages of alpha glucose monomers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What kind of linkage is this

A

cellulose: 1-4 linkages of beta glucose monomers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Chitin

A

Structural polysaccharides found in arthropod exoskeletons and provides structure for the cell walls of fungi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Lipids

A

Hydrophobic - doesn’t include true polymers (not composed of the same monomers)

25
Q

Fats

A

Energy storage - made of glycerol and fatty acids

26
Q

Glycerol

A

three carbon alcohol with a hydroxyl group attached to each carbon

27
Q

Triacylglycerol

A

Three fatty acids banded to a glycerol with an ester linkage

28
Q

Saturated fatty acid

A

maximum hydrogen atoms and NO DOUBLE BONDS - solids mostly (animal fats)

29
Q

Unsaturated fatty acids

A

has one or more double bonds - liquids mostly (plants and fish fats)

30
Q

What are the two types of Unsaturated fatty acids

A

Cis and Trans

31
Q

What type of unsaturated fatty acid is this

A

Cis-fatty acid

32
Q

What type of unsaturated fatty acid is this

A

Trans-fatty acid

33
Q

Phospholipids

A

Two fatty acids and one phosphate group attached to glycerol that self assemble into bilayers in water

34
Q

What part of a phospholipid is hydrophobic

A

fatty acids

35
Q

What part of a phospholipid is hydrophilic

A

Phosphate group

36
Q

Steroids

A

Four fused carbon rings with a hydrocarbon side-chain

37
Q

Cholesterol

A

A type of steroid used to synthesize other steroids

38
Q

Polypeptide

A

built from amino acids, a protein is one or more polypeptides

39
Q

Amino acid monomers

A

nucleotides (A-T/U, C-G)

40
Q

20 amino acids

A

organic molecules with amino and carboxyl groups and a carbon in the middle

41
Q

What amino acid group is this

A

Amino group

42
Q

What amino acid group is this

A

Carboxyl group

43
Q

Peptide bond

A

covalent bond (uses dehydration) that links amino acids

44
Q

What is denaturation

A

When a protein losses its native structure (A denatured protein is biologically inactive)

45
Q

What is the primary structure of proteins

A

The amino acid chain (1D)

46
Q

What is the secondary structure of proteins

A

Alpha helix or beta pleated sheet (2D)

47
Q

What is the tertiary structure of proteins

A

Three-dimensional folds (3D) (A polypeptide)

48
Q

What is the quaternary structure of proteins

A

The Association of two or more polypeptides (4D)

49
Q

What are the four stages of structure in proteins

A

1) Primary
2) Secondary
3) Tertiary
4) Quaternary

50
Q

Which three stages of structure of proteins always happens

A

Primary, secondary, and tertiary

51
Q

Deoxyribonucleic acid

A

DNA

52
Q

Ribonucleic acid

A

RNA

53
Q

What is a nucleotide

A

Made up of a nitrogenous base (A-T/U, C-G), a sugar molecule, and a phosphate group

54
Q

Gene expression

A

DNA directs synthesis of mRNA and, through mRNA, control the protein synthesized

55
Q

What are the two families of nitrogenous bases

A

Pyrimidine and Purine

56
Q

Pyrimidine

A

single, six-membered ring (cytosine, thymine, and uracil)

57
Q

Purine

A

Six-membered ring fused to a five membered ring (adenine and guanine)

58
Q

What is the difference between ribose and deoxyribose

A

A ribose had an OH molecule on the 2’ (found in RNA) and a deoxyribose has a H molecule on the 2’ (found in DNA)

Cellular and Molecular Biology (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions