Chapter 1 Flashcards
Components of Life
-Order
-Adaptation
-Regulation
-Reproduction
-Response to stimuli
- Growth and development
-Energy processing
Adaptation
result of evolution, changing features to better fit your environment (e.g. colors changing to fit surroundings)
Reproduction
making offspring by you kind
response to stimuli
responding to things in your environment
Growth and development
Growth controlled by genes
Energy processing
Gaining energy (consumption or making it) to then store and use
Levels of biological organization
1) Biosphere
2) Ecosystem
3) Communities
4) Populations
5) Organisms
6) Organs
7) Tissues
8) Cells
9) Organelles
10) Molecules
Biosphere
consists of all life on earth and all the places in which life exists
Ecosystem
consists of all living things in a particular area and the nonliving components which with life interacts
Communities
the array of organisms inhabiting a particular ecosystem
Populations
consists of all of the living individuals pf a species living within a particular area
Organisms
Individual living things
Organs
a body part made up of multiple tissues and has a specific function
Tissues
a group of cells that all work together for a specific function
Cells
life’s fundamental unit of structure
Organelles
the various components of the cell
Molecules
a chemical structure consisting of two or more atoms
Structure
Gives us clues about what an organism does and how it does it
Function
Knowing this can provide insight into structure and organization or an organism
Prokaryotes
no nuclei; Bacteria and Archaea
Eukaryotes
nucleus; Eukarya
Genes
units of inheritance that encode for building molecules within a cell (in DNA)
Gene expression
The process of converting information from the gene to cellular product
Genomics
the study of genes
Transcription
DNA ——> RNA
Translation
RNA ——> Amino acid chain
Nucleotides
chemical building blocks of amino acids
Producers
organisms that produce their own energy
Consumers
Organisms that must eat other organisms for energy
Energy flow
starts as light and leaves as heat
Positive regulation
less common; end product speeds up its own production
Negative regulation
end product slows down its own production
Biotic
living or once living factors in an ecosystem
Abiotic
nonliving factors and chemical elements in an ecosystem
evolution
descent with modification
natural selection
differential reproductive success based on fitness
Hypothesis
an explanation, based on observations and assumptions, that leads to a testable prediction
Theory
broader in scope of hypotheses and is supported by a large body of evidence and can lead to more testable hypotheses
