Chapter 5

Question 1

Stages of fetal developement

Question 2

This period of development extends from the beginning of the third week through the eighth week after conception. Basic structures of all major body organs are completed, structure are most vulnerable to teratogens.

Answer 2

Embryonic Period (Embryo)

Question 3

The longest part of prenatal development. It begins 9 weeks (end of 8th wk) after conception and ends with birth. All major systems are present in their basic form. Dramatic growth and refinement in the structure and function of all organ systems occur during the fetal period. Teratogens may damage already formed structures but are less likely to cause major structural alterations. The CNS is vulnerable to damaging agents through the entire pregnancy.

Answer 3

Fetal Period/ Stage

Question 4

What are the functions of the placenta?

Answer 4

*respiration
*production of hormones
*passive immunity
*waste products removal
*acts as a pass through, not a barrier
*2 sided

Question 5

The key function of the placenta?

Answer 5

respiration

Question 6

Passage of antibodies from mom to fetus?

Answer 6

passive immunity (mostly occurring in the 3rd trimester)

Question 7

Mother’s and Baby’s blood ____ _____.

Answer 7

never mix

Question 8

The placenta is ___ sided

Answer 8

2; maternal and fetal

Question 9

Hormones produced by the placenta

Answer 9

hCG; Estrogen; Progesterone; Relaxin

Question 10

Relaxes mother’s pelvis ligaments; can affect other ligaments of the mother (induces waddling)

Answer 10

Relaxin

Question 11

pregnancy test hormone

Answer 11

hCG

Question 12

What is formed from the amnion?

Answer 12

umbilical cord

Question 13

lifeline from the mother to the growing embryo?

Answer 13

umbilical cord

Question 14

contains one large vein and 2 small arteries

Answer 14

umbilical cord

Question 15

AVA

Answer 15

2 arteries; 1 vein

Question 16

In the umbilical cord there are 2 arteries and 1 vein? Which are oxygenated and which are not?

Answer 16

1 large vein (oxygenated)
2 small arteries (deoxygenated)

Question 17

What surrounds the vein and arteries to prevent compression in the umbilical cord?

Answer 17

Wharton jelly

Question 18

At term, what is the average length/ width of the umbilical cord?

Answer 18

22 in long and 1 in wide

Question 19

What is the role of the amniotic fluid?

Answer 19

*helps maintain a constant body temperature for the fetus
*permits symmetric growth and development
*cushions the fetus from trauma
*allows the umbilical cord to be relatively free of compression
*promotes fetal movement to enhance musculoskeletal development

Question 20

Blood from the placenta to and through the fetus and then back to placenta

Answer 20

fetal circulation

Question 21

What are the 3 shunts through fetal life span?

Answer 21

Ductus Venosus; Ductus Arteriosus; Foramen Ovale

Question 22

connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava

Answer 22

Ductus Venosus

Question 23

connects the main pulmonary artery to the aorta

Answer 23

Ductus Arteriosus

Question 24

anatomic opening between the right and left atrium

Answer 24

Foramen Ovale