Chapter 5 Flashcards
Responsible for own well being
Self care
A response in which understanding and compassion are accompanied by an objective detachment that enables you to act appropriately.
Empathetic response
A sensitivity to others that allow you to meet their needs constructively rather than merely sympathizing or reacting to their distress.
Empathy
Response to the strain of dealing with the constant demands and problems of people under our care.
Burnout
Ways to prevent burnout
-Self care
-stress relief activities
Appropriate use and care or equipment demonstrate what behavior
Ethical behavior
provide opportunities to advance the profession while helping its members
-help members to develop leadership skills
Participation in professional activities
Typically causes exhaustion, dissatisfaction, anxiety and eventually apathy
Burnout
Shows concern and care while quickly and accurately providing the images that could assist in rapid diagnosis and treatment
Empathetic care
Performing tasks because you enjoy them will make your work more productive and much less stressful.
Job satisfaction
Litigation has become so common in our society that it is especially important for health care workers to become familiar with the moral, ethical, and legal implications of their actions.
Professional Behavior
based on lessons of right or wrong that we’re taught to us at an early age
Personal morality
refers to moral principles that apply specifically to certain groups of people
Group morality
physicians were defined in Ancient Greece in the Hippocratic oath
Moral duties
-Duties of providing due care
- maintaining professional competence
- maintaining the confidentiality of patient informations
Group morality
A branch of philosophy that can be defined as a systematic reflection on morality
Ethics
behaviors that fall within the accepted principles of right and wrong
Ethical actions
behavior includes the duties and obligations placed on us by our profession.
Group ethical behavior
A two part document that contains:
- code of ethics, an aspirational document
- rules of ethics , a specific list of enforceable standards
The Standards of Ethics for Radiologic Technologists
Is the hallmark of a profession because it defines high principles of professional behavior and signifies a willingness by the profession
Code of ethics
provide guidelines for determining whether actions are right or wrong
Moral principles and ethical theories
specific standards of minimally acceptable professional conduct for all registered technologists and applicants for certification by the ARRT, and they are enforceable by the ARRT.
Rules of ethics
Believes that an action is right if the outcome is good
Consequentialism
Example : speeding is good if the outcome is that I arrive at work on time and no accident ; it is bad if there is a negative outcome such as an accident
Consequentialism
Argues that speeding is always bad because it is against the law and because it places you and others at risk
Nonconsequentialism
Emphasizes the rights of individuals in a democratic society to be shielded from undue restriction or harm
Rights based ethics
What is right for one patient may be be wrong for another
Situational ethics
Demands moral judgments that reflect community values
Caring ethic
Places a value on virtues - caring, faithfulness, trustworthiness, compassion and courage
Virtue based ethics
What professionals see as their duty and what patients may claim as their rights
Potential conflict
Widely accepted standard for selecting and defending solutions to ethical dilemmas in health care communities
Principle based ethics
Six moral principles called ethical principles
-Beneficence,
-nonmaleficence,
-veracity,
-fidelity ,
-justice,
-autonomy
Goodness; actions that bring about good are considered right
Beneficence
No evil ; an obligation not to inflict hard
Nonmaleficence
Faithfulness; an obligation to be loyal or faithful
Fidelity
Fairness; an obligation to act with equity
Justice
Self determination; respecting the independence of others, and acting with self reliance
Autonomy
A method of evaluating situations in which the correct action is in questions
Ethical analysis
Four basics steps of ethical analysis
-identifying the problem
- developing alternate solutions
-selecting best solutions
-defending your selection
The person responsible for implementing the ethical decision
Moral agent
Considerate and respectful care , information, privacy and confidentiality, informed consent right to refuse treatment or examination, death with dignity
Patient rights
Necessary for any procedure that involves substantively risk or is considered experimental
Informed consent
Questions regarding diagnosis, treatment, and other aspects of care must be referred to
patient’s physician.
was enacted in 2003 under the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) to protect the privacy rights of patients.
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
An outline of specific wishes about the medical care to be given in the even that the individual loses the ability to make or communicate decisions
Advance directive
A serious crime that may be punished by imprisonment
Felony
Copies of advance directives are usually given to
the family physician and an attorney or family member and should be part of the medical record.
What does DNR/DNI stand for?
do not resuscitate/do not intubate
Murder, arson, fraud, manslaughter, aggravated assault, grand theft, kidnapping
Felony
Death, or imprisonment longer than 1 year
Felony
Less significant crime usually punished by a fine or by imprisonment for less than a year
Misdemeanor
Trespassing, petty theft, vandalism, disorderly conduct, simple assault, reckless driving, public intoxication
Misdemeanor
Fine and/or imprisonment for less than 1 year, jail time, probation, community service
Misdemeanor
A civil wrong committed by one individual against the person or property of another
Tort
Suing party
Plaintiff
Party being sued
Defendant
Two categories of torts
-Intentional misconduct
-negligence
occur in a hospital setting include assault, battery, false imprisonment, invasion of privacy, libel, and slander (defamation of character)
Intentional torts
the unjustifiable detention of a person against his or her will
False imprisonment
usually refers to written information
Libel
Verbal communication
slander
refer to the malicious spreading of information that causes defamation of character or loss of reputation.
Libel and Slander
defined as the threat of touching in an injurious way
Assault
defined as unlawful touching of a person without consent.
Battery
What are unintentional torts
Negligence and Malpractice
Refers to the neglect or omission of reasonable care or caution.
Negligence
Result when confidentiality has not been maintained or when the patients body has been improperly and unnecessarily exposed or touched
Invasion of privacy
Professional negligence; an act of negligence in the context of a relationship between a professional person and a patient / client
Malpractice
Error in diagnosis , complications resulting from a procedure, insufficient communication with the patient
Malpractice
Failure of a professional to meet the standard of conduct that a reasonable and prudent member of the professional would exercise in similar circumstances; in harm
Malpractice
Two patient identifiers were not checked before beginning a procedure and the wrong patient was xrayed
Negligence
A neglect act that involves “reckless disregard for life or limb”
Gross negligence
Performing professional services while intoxicated
Gross negligence
An act of negligence in which the behavior of the injured part contributed to the injury
Contributory negligence
A patient is injured in a fall after being instructed not to get up from a chair
Contributory negligence
When the hospital as an entity is negligent
Corporate negligence
Health care worker suffers from hepatitis B after a needle-stick because there is not established protocol in the organization to ensure reporting and treatment in this situation
Corporate negligence
The standard of reasonable care is based on the doctrine of the
“reasonable prudent person”
Requires a person to perform as any reasonable person would perform under similar circumstances
Reasonably prudent person
To legally establish a claim of malpractice these four conditions must be true :
-the defendant (person or institution being sued) had a duty to provide reasonable care to the patient
-the patient (plaintiff) sustained some loss or injury
-the defendant is the party responsible for the loss
-the loss is attributable to negligence or improper practice
“the thing speaks for itself”
res ipsa loquitur
The liability by one person or agency for the actions of another
Vicarious liability
The employer is liable for employees’ negligent acts that occur in the course of their work
Respondeat superior (“let the master respond”
-Used for generating orders and for entering, accessing, and storing medical information
- using for personal communications is inappropriate
Protected by passwords or barcode
Hospital computers
-Imaging specific documentation and recording system
- allows RTs access to pertinent info about a patient such as the room number , allergies and reports of imaging studies
- allows for ordering and billing of imaging exams. No info about a patients health history or plan of care is available
RIMS (radiology information management system) or (RIS) radiology information system
Refers to an extensive compilation of into such as emergency department record or a hospitalized patients online record
- patient medical records are almost always in a digital format
Charts
patient medical records are almost always in a digital format
electronic medical record (EMR) or e-chart
-More legible than handwriting
-Information is more easily stored
-Accessible from multiple locations both with and without the healthcare facility
Advantages of E chart
Refers to the process of adding info to a chart or to a document that will be incorporated into a chart
Charting
-chiefs reason for keeping accurate , pertinent medical records is to provide data about the patients progress and current status for other health team members
- prevents the need for repetitious diagnostic exams
- serve as a resource for research investigators
Responsibilities for record keeping
Patients must sign a release for when images are required by another provider
HIPAA requirement
-images are legally considered to be a part of the medical record
-belongs to the institution in which they are made
- Normal retention period is 5 to 7 years
Diagnostic images as records
any fall, accident or occurance that results in injury or potential harm must be reported immediately to the departmental supervisor or radiologist or both
Accident and incident reports
Incident report is called
unusual occurence form
Seven c’s of malpractice
-Competence
-Compliance
-Charting
-Communication
-Confidentiality
-Courtesy
-Caution
Knowing and adhering to professional standards and maintaining professional competence reduce liability exposure
Competence
By health professionals with the policies and procedures in the medical office and hospital avoids patient injuries and litigation
Compliance
Chatting completely and consistently and objectively can be the best defense against a malpractice claim
Charting
Patient injuries and resulting malpractice cases can be avoided by improving communications among health care professionals
Communication
Protecting the confidentiality of a medical information is the legal and ethical responsibility of health professionals
Confidentiality
A courteous attitude and demeanor can improve patient rapport and lessen the likelihood of lawsuits
Courtesy
Personal injuries can occur unexpectedly on the premises and may lead to lawsuits
Caution
Is responsible for implementing ethical decision
Moral agent
Standards of behavior, initiated by an employer/organization, defining the acceptable conduct of its members/employees.
Code of Ethics
Any type of sexual activity to which a person does not agree
Sexual harrassment
Deliberate, intentional act to mislead for financial gain
Fraud
Foundation of statues, rules, and regulations that govern people, relationships, behaviors, and interactions with the state, society, and federal government
Law
A wrongful act, not including a breach of contract or trust, that results in injust to another’s person, property, reputation or the like, and for which the injured party is entitles to compensation.
Tort
Principle the individuals choose to follow in the lives
Values
Form completed by patients to indicate in advance that no means should be used to regain function of cardiopulmonary process when these functions cease
DNR
A restraint of a person so as to impede his/her liberty without justification or consent
False imprisonment
written, printed, or other visual communication that harms another persons reputation
Libel
Acknowledgment of a person to the risks and alternatives involved in a treatment as well as permission for the treatment to be performed
Consent
Spoken or verbal communication in which one person discussion another in terms that harm that persons reputation
Slander
Acknowledement of a person to the risks and alternatives involved in a treatment as well as permission for the treatment to be performed
Consent
Lesser crime punishable by usually modest fines or penalties established by the state or federal government and or imprisonment of less than 1 years.
Misdemeanor
Branch of philosophy that relates to morals and moral principles
Ethics
Public revelation of confidential or privileged information without an individuals consent.
Breach of Confidentiality
Laws that are prescribes specifically pertaining to the medical field
Medical Law
Threat or attempt to inflict offensive physical contact or bodily harm on a person that puts the person in immediate danger
Assualt
Average knowledge and expertise that ibe can be from a healthcare professional in the same area or field and with the same bade of training
Standard of care
Bodily harm or unlawful touching of another
Battery
Serious crime punishable by relatively large fines and or imprisonment for more than a year
Felony
Unwavering adherence to an individuals values and principles with dedication to high standards
Integrity
Standards of right and wrong
Morals
Failure to use such care as a reasonably prudent and careful person would use under similar circumstances
Negligence
Officially sanctioned description of the specific procedures, actions, and processes that are permitted for a licensed or non licensed professional
Scope of practice
Respect for others whose beliefs, practices, race, religions, or customs may differ from one’s own
Tolerance
Rad tech acts to advance the principle objective of the profession to provide services to humanity with full respect for the dignity of mankind
Code of ethics
Use of fraud of deceit to obtain employment or credentials
Rules of ethics
Violating a state or federal narcotics or controlled substance law
Rules of ethics
Providing false or misleading info related to the care of a pt.
Rules of ethics
Providing false or misleading info related to the care of a pt.
Rules of ethics
The radiologic technologist uses equipment and accesories, employs techniques and procedures perform serves in accordance with an accepted standard of practice
Code of ethics
