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Patient Care Final > Chapter 13 > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Flashcards

1
Q

Essential Skills of Patient Assessment

A

-Observation
-Evaluation
-Assessment
-Communication
-Relaying information

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2
Q

AIDET communication too stands for:

A

-Acknowledge
-Introduce
-Duration
-Explanation
-Thanks

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3
Q

Warmly greet the patient by name

A

Acknowledge

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4
Q

Tell the patient who you are (name, title, length of time in the profession) and what you will be doing for them.

A

Introduce

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5
Q

Explain how long the examination will take, and frequently update the patient of any delays

A

Duration

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6
Q

Describe the examination the patient will be undergoing. This is the opportunity to collect pertinent history.

A

Explanation

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7
Q

Express gratitude to the patient for choosing your facility for his or her care, for exhibiting patience, for being positive throughout the examination, and so forth

A

Thanks

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8
Q

Questioning Techniques for Taking a History

A
  • Open-ended questions
  • Facilitation
  • Silence
  • Reflection or reiteration
  • Clarification or probing
  • Summarization
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9
Q

What are the elements of a history

A

-Onset
-Duration/chronology
-Specific location
-Quality of symptoms
-Severity of pain
-What aggravates/alleviates
-Associated manifestations

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10
Q

Onset sampling questions

A

How did it start? What happened? When did it first trouble you? Was it sudden or a complaint that gradually got worse?

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11
Q

Duration/Chronology sampling questions

A

Have you ever had it before? Has it been continuous? Does it bother you all the time? How long has this attack been bothering you?

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12
Q

Specific location sampling questions

A

Where does it hurt (or where is the problem)? Can you put your finger on where it hurts the most? Does it hurt anywhere else?

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13
Q

Quality of symptoms sampling questions

A

What does it feel like? Sharp, stabbing pain? Dull ache? Throbbing pain?

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14
Q

Severity of pain sampling questions

A

How severe is it? Mild, moderate, or severe? (Some like to use a pain scale of 0 to 5 or 0 to 10, with 0 being no pain at all and the highest number representing the worst pain the patient can imagine.) Does it wake you up at night?

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15
Q

What aggravates/alleviates sampling questions

A

What seems to make it worse? When is it worst? Is it worse after meals? At night? When you walk? What has helped in the past? Does that still help? What seems to help now? Does the time of day (amount of rest, change in position, and so on) make a difference?

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16
Q

Associated manifestations sampling questions

A

Are there any other symptoms that you are experiencing that may be related to your chief complaint?

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17
Q

Is often the first and primary observer of a significant change in the patient’s current condition

A

radiographer

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18
Q

Assessing Current Physical Status

A

-Checking the chart
Obtain more specific information.
-Physical assessment
An ongoing process of observation, comparison,
and measurement of patient’s condition before,
during, and after imaging procedures
-Vital signs
Temperature, pulse rate, respiratory rate, and
blood pressure

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19
Q

Color code wristband for allergy

A

red

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20
Q

Color code wristband for fall risk

A

yellow

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21
Q

Color code wristband for DNR

A

purple

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22
Q

A patient with a previous history of allergies is sometimes referred to as

A

allergenic individual

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23
Q

The most important process in patient assessment is sometimes called

A

eyeballing the patient

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24
Q

Physical Apperance and Responses

A

-Skin color
-Temperature
-Level of consciousness (LOC)
-Breathing

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25
Q

Denotes a bluish coloration in the skin and indicates a lack of sufficient oxygen in the tissues. This is most easily seen in the mucous membranes, such as the lips or the lining of the mouth.

A

Cyanotic

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26
Q

Cold sweat

A

Diaphoretic

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27
Q

Hot, dry skin may indicate a

A

fever

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28
Q

Can cause cool, moist skin with wet palms and shaking hands

A

Acute anxiety

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29
Q

What are the 4 levels of consciousness

A
  1. Alert and conscious
  2. Drowsy but responsive
  3. Unconscious but reactive to painful stimuli
  4. Comatose
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30
Q

is a seizure disorder without convulsions that can cause a brief loss of consciousness without warning

A

Absence (petit mal seizure)

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31
Q

Normal breathing is considered

A

quiet and calm

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32
Q

A form of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease that prevents patients from exhaling effectively, limiting their capacity for inhaling fresh air

A

Emphysema

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33
Q

is the term for an inability or serious difficulty in breathing when lying flat

A

Orthopnea

34
Q

They involve the measurement of temperature, pulse rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure

A

Vital signs

35
Q

An instrument for indirect measurement of blood pressure. It consists of an inflatable cuff that fits around the arm, a bulb for controlling air pressure within the cuff, and a mercury or aneriod manometer

A

Sphygmomanometer

36
Q

Body temperature is lowest in

A

the morning

37
Q

Body temperature is the highest in

A

the evening

38
Q

Temperatures may be obtained by:

A

oral, rectal, axillary, tympanic and temporal artery routes

39
Q

Inserted into external ear canal

A

Tympanic temperature probe

40
Q

contain an infrared sensor that measures the temperature over the temporal artery in the region of the forehead. The gentle scan across the forehead and temporal region is easily and quickly accomplished and is not objectionable to patients. Research indicates that this method is more consistently accurate than the tympanic method.

A

Temporal artery thermometers

41
Q

Medical term for fever

A

Pyrexia

42
Q

Is a sign of increased body metabolism usually in response to an infectious process

A

Fever

43
Q

Normal adult temperature range is

A

97-99 degrees Fahrenheit

44
Q

Average oral temperature is

A

98.6 degrees Fahrenheit

45
Q

Fever is typically considered greater than

A

100.4 degrees Fahrenheit

46
Q

the advancing pressure wave in an artery caused by the expulsion of blood when the left ventricle of the heart contracts.

A

Pulse

47
Q

The heart rate is measured in

A

beats per minute (bpm)

48
Q

The most common site for palpation of the pulse is

A

The radial artery

49
Q

Why can’t you take a accurate pulse using your thumb

A

Because your own thumb has a pulse

50
Q

If the radial pulse is weak or difficult to count you will do (blank) instead

A

Carotid artery

51
Q

This pulse may be significant when there is a question of compromise in the peripheral circulation

A

The dorsalis pedis or pedal pulse

52
Q

A measurement taken by listening to the heartbeat through a stethoscope placed over the apex of the heart

A

apical pulse

53
Q

abnormally rapid pulse occurs when the heart rate is greater than 100 bpm

A

Tachycardia

54
Q

Average normal pulse rate in adults

A

60 bpm and 100 bpm

55
Q

Heart rate that is too slow; less than 60 bbpm

A

Bradycardia

56
Q

Normal range in adults of breaths per minute

A

12 to 20 breaths/minute

57
Q

Slow breathing with fewer than 12 breaths/min

A

Bradypnea

58
Q

More than 20 breaths/min

A

Tachypnea

59
Q

Difficult in breathing

A

Dyspnea

60
Q

inflammation of the pleura causing adhesions between the lungs and the chest wall

A

Pleurisy

61
Q

Cessation of breathing (stops or restarts)

A

Apnea

62
Q

Abnormally high blood pressure

A

Hypertension

63
Q

Abnormally low blood pressure

A

Hypotension

64
Q

Patients in (blank) exhibit a significant increase in pulse rate and respiratory rate

A

Shock

65
Q

Term that means “not wet” or without liquid

A

aneroid

66
Q

The top figure is the (blank) pressure and is a measure of the pumping action of the heart muscle itself

A

systolic pressure

67
Q

The bottom figure is (blank) pressure and indicates the ability of the arterial system to accept the pulse of blood forced into the system when the left ventricle contracts

A

diastolic pressure

68
Q

Normal range for systolic

A

95 to 119 mm Hg

69
Q

Normal range for diastolic

A

60 to 79 mm Hg

70
Q

Normal range for blood pressure is

A

120/80 mm Hg

71
Q

Stage 1—systolic ranges 140–159 mm Hg; diastolic
ranges 90–99 mm Hg
Stage 2—the most severe form
Systolic reading is 160 mm Hg or greater and diastolic is 100
mm Hg or greater.

A

Hypertension

72
Q

Diastolic pressure <50 mm Hg or systolic
pressure <90 mm Hg
May also indicate shock

A

Hypotension

73
Q

Common Laboratory Tests for Patient Assesssment

A

Complete Blood Count
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate
Blood-Clotting Assessments
Blood-Chemistry Tests

74
Q

The most common pulse points are

A

Temporal, Carotid, Apical, Femoral, Brachial, Radial, Popliteal, Posterior tibial, and Dorsalis pedis

75
Q

fluid loss

A

Dehydration

76
Q

A blood clot formed on the wall of a vessel is called

A

Thrombus

77
Q

A thrombus formed in a large vessel sometimes detaches from the vessel wall, becoming a free-floating clot

A

Embolus

78
Q

Placed on a finger, toe, or earlobe, where it
continuously monitors both pulse rate and blood
oxygen levels

A

Pulse oximeter

79
Q

Normal waveform

A

Sinus rhythm

80
Q

One comprehensive way to monitor cardiac
activity; provides continuous measurement of
heart rate and blood pressure

A

Arterial catheter

81
Q

Device that measures the electrical activity of
the heart; displays the information graphically in
the form of waves on a paper tracing or on a
monitor

A

Electrocardiograph monitor

82
Q

Device that records or monitors the electrical
activity of the brain

A

Electroencephalography

Patient Care Final (7 decks)

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