Chapter 5

Question 1

What is malaria caused by?

Answer 1

Plasmodium: eukaryotic organisms transmitted through mosquito bites

Question 2

What is Morbidity?

Answer 2

Illness

Question 3

What is Mortality?

Answer 3

Death

Question 4

Protist

Answer 4

informal name for diverse group of eukaryotic organisms, including unicellular, colonial, and multicellular types that lack specialized tissues

• feed on small particulate food sources (bacteria)

Question 5

Protozoan

Answer 5

informal terms for some protist, generally those that are non-photosynthetic, unicellular, and motile

Question 6

Protophyte

Answer 6

informal name for a group of primitive plants or plantlike organisms regarded as forming the lowest division of the vegetable kingdom (corresponding to the Protozoa in the animal kingdom), specifically one comprising unicellular and other simple green algae.

Question 7

Parasitism

Answer 7

Type of symbiosis in which one population benefits while harming the other.

Question 8

Parasitology

Answer 8

The study of parasites

Question 9

Protozoa v.s. Algae/Protophytes

Answer 9

Protozoa:
- “animal-like”
- nonphotosynthetic
- motile organisms
- always unicellular

Algae/Protophytes:
- “plant-like”
- photosynthetic
- unicellular or multicellular

Question 10

Plankton

Answer 10

Microorganisms that drift or float in water, moved by currents,

Question 11

Cyst

Answer 11

Cell with a protective wall

Question 12

Schizogony

Answer 12

The nucleus of a cell divides multiple times before the cell divides into many small cells.

Question 13

Cytostome

Answer 13

Helps takes in food through phagocytosis as a specialized feeding structure in protist

Question 14

Cytoproct

Answer 14

Specialized structure for the exocytosis of wastes

Question 15

Holozoic

Answer 15

Protozoans that are holozoic ingest whole food products through phagocytosis

Question 16

Saprozoic

Answer 16

Forms that are saprozoic ingest small soluble food molecules

Question 17

Flagella and Cilia

Answer 17

Flagella : whiplike
Cilia: Hair like

BOTH used for locomotion

Question 18

Pseudopodia

Answer 18

“false feet” to attach the cell to a surface

Question 19

Contractile vacuoles

Answer 19

Organelles that can be used to moce water out of the cell for osmotic regulation

Question 20

Kinetoplastids

Answer 20

modified mitochondria

Question 21

What kind of group are protist?

Answer 21

Polyphyletic group (i.e. no shared origin)

Question 22

What is the brain eating amoeba?

Answer 22

Naegleria

Question 23

How does Fungi act in the environment?

Answer 23

Decomposers in the environment

Question 24

Define Cellulase, Xylanases, Chitinase

Answer 24

Cellulase: Degrade cellulose (plant cell wall, most abundant source of organic C)
Xylanases: Degrade xylan (plant cell wall, 3rd most abundant source of organic C)
Chitinase: Degrade Chitin (fungal/arthropods cell wall, 2nd most abundant source of organic C)

Question 25

What is the “Last of Us” fungus?

Answer 25

Ophiocordyceps

Question 26

Fungi Features

Answer 26

• Major source of antibiotics (penicillin)
• Critical to produce foods (cheese)
• Molds are multicellular fungal bodies
• Some molds are made up of hyphae (septate v.s. coenocytic)
• Some are dimorphic or polymorphic
• Has chitin

Question 27

Fungi asexual reproduction

Answer 27

• Mitosis
• Mitosis with budding
• Fragmentation of hyphae
• Formation of asexual spores by mitosis

Question 28

Medically Important Groups

Answer 28

Microsporidia (unicellular obligate intracellular parasites)
Zygomycota (mainly saprophytes w/coenocytic hyphae and haploid nuclei)
Chytridiomycota (used as food, e.g., mushroom, truffles)

Question 29

Microeukaryotes

Answer 29

• extraordinary diverse group
• wide range of (complex) life cycles
• morphological specialization
• nutritional needs