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BIOL 311 > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Coccus Shape

A

circle shape

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2
Q

Bacillus Shape

A

tic tac

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3
Q

Vibro Shape

A

round tic tac

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4
Q

Coccobacillus Shape

A

oval

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5
Q

Spirillum Shape

A

squiggle noodle

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6
Q

Spirochete Shape

A

twisty squiggle noodle

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7
Q

Mos microbial pathogens are…

A

Bacteria! (and then fungi) Microbes associated with death are mostly bacteria

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8
Q

What is Pasteurization?

A
  • microbial control using head that is applied to foods, killing pathogens and reduces the number of spoilage-causing microbes + maintaining food quality
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9
Q

True or False? Pateurization = Sterilization

A

FALSE! Pasturization does NOT equal sterilization

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10
Q

Robert Hooke

A
  • Published Micrographia, identified structures that look like monocyte cell
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11
Q

Endosymbiosis Theory

A

Mitochondria and chloroplast are each derived from the uptake of bacteria.
- bacteria established a symbiotic relationship with their host cell that eventually led to the bacteria evolving into mitochondria and chloroplasts.

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12
Q

I. Semmelweis

A

Importance of handwashing

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13
Q

J. Lister

A

procedure for proper care of surgical wounds and the sterilization of surgical equipment (listerine)

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14
Q

Lazzaro Spallanzani

A
  • Broth in flask -> sealed -> boiled
    -Results: No growth microorganisms
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15
Q

Who is Louis Pasteur? What was his experiment?

A
  • Swan Neck Experiment disproves spontaneous generation
  • Placed nutrient solution in flasks with long, curved necks. Boiled the solutions let flask exposed to air.
  • W/ curve neck: no contamination
  • W/O curve neck: contamination
  • Develops rabies vaccine
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16
Q

Robert Koch

A
  • Identified specific microbes that cause anthrax, cholera, and tuberculosis.
  • established a protocol to determine cause of infections diseases (Koch’s postulates)
17
Q

Carolus Linnaeus

A
  • Developed a new system for categorizing plants and animals, Taxonomy! (science of classification, does NOT mirror the evolution)
18
Q

Domain Bacteria

A
  • single celled
  • cell wall with petidoglycan
  • no nucleus
  • Ubiquitous
  • Cynobacteria
19
Q

Domain Archaea

A
  • Unique rRNA sequence
  • No peptidoglycan wall
  • Unique lipid membrane
  • Unusual metabolic characteristics
  • Live in extreme environments
20
Q

Ribosomes

A

A complex intracellular structure that syntehsizes proteins

21
Q

Plasmid

A

small, circular, double-stranded DNA molecule that is typically independent from the bacterial chromosome

22
Q

Inclusions

A

Prokaryotic cell cytoplasmic structure from storing specific nutrients and other resources needed by cells

23
Q

Components of the Phospholipid Bilayer

A
  • Glycoprotein: carbohydrate protein. Modified proteins with sugar
  • Glycolipid: carbohydrate with lipid
  • Transporters
  • Bilayer made of Polar & Hydrophilic head, Long, Nonpolar, & hydrophobic fatty acid tails
  • Semipermiable
24
Q

Differences between Eukaryotic bacteria and Archaea bacteria

A

Archaea
- Ether Linkage
- Isoprene derived hydrocarbon

Eukaryotic
- Ester Linkage
- Fatty Acid

25
Q

What is the bacterial cell wall composed of?

A

Peptidoglycan
- essential and only for bacterial
- targeted by antibiotics
- only few bacteria don’t have peptidoglycan

26
Q

Gram Positive

A
  • Interpeptide. needs help to make connection
  • Structurally simple cell wall
  • Thick layer of peptidoglycan w/ embedded teichoiv acid external to the plasma membrane
27
Q

Gram Negative

A
  • Direct connection
  • More complex cell walls
  • contains inner membrane, thin layer of peptidoglycan, and outer membrane of lipopolysaccaride
28
Q

Endospore

A

cellular structure formed by some bacteria in response to adverse conditions, preserves DNA of the cell in a dormant state until conditions are favorable

29
Q

Spores

A

Specialized cells that may be used for reproduction or may be specialized to withstand harsh conditions

BIOL 311 (11 decks)

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