Chapter 14

Question 1

What is Penicillin?

Answer 1

Mass produced in 1940, penicillin was instrumental in saving millions of lives during WWIIm considered wonder drug. Overprescription of antibiotics has contributed to the evolution of drug resistant pathogens.

Question 2

What is Chemotherapy?

Answer 2

Chemotherapy: broad term that refers to any use of chemical or drugs to treat diseaases

Question 3

Who is P.Ehrilch?

Answer 3

1900s, discovered/synthesize chemical compounds capable of killing infectious microbes w/o harming the patient: Selective toxicity.

Question 4

Who is Sahachiro Hata?

Answer 4

Assistant of Ehrlich, found one such magic bullet Compound 66: targeted the bacterium Treponema Pallidum (syphilis)

Question 5

Who is Gerhard Domagk?

Answer 5

Discovered antibacterial activity of synthetic dye, prontosil (sulfanilamide), to treat sterotoptical and staphylococcal infections in mice

Question 6

What is synthetic?

Answer 6

Means its developed from a chemical, not found in natures. `

Question 7

Who is Alexander Fleming?

Answer 7

Credited with the discovery of penicillin, the first natural penicillin

Question 8

Who is Florey & Chain

Answer 8

Isolated and producing industrial amount of penicillin.

Question 9

What is key for a antibacterial?

Answer 9

• selective toxicity (no side effects): ability of drug to kill or inhibit pathogen while damaging host as little as possible
• therapeutic dose: drug lvl required for clinical treatment
• Toxic dose: drug lvls at which drug
• Therapeutic index
• Side effects
• Cidal/-cidic agents (kill microbes)