Chapter 5 Flashcards
Sensation and Perception
Sensation- how we get info. From outside world
Perception- make sense of sensory info. (Ex. Pressure on eye=perception of light)
Absolute threshold
Minimum amount of stimuli necessary
Difference threshold
Minimum amount of change
Sensory adaptation
Senses adapt to environment
Inattentional blindness
So focused on one object you don’t notice the other.
Research on subliminal perception
The perception of a series of stimulus the person is not consciously aware of and gets under the influence involuntarily.
Properties of light
Intensity, frequency or wavelength
Parts of the eye
Iris:colored part
Cornea:clear dome over iris
Pupil: black opening that lets light in
Sclera: white of eye
Lens: hind iris and pupil
Retina: converts light that enters eye into electrical signals
Optic nerve: process so that we can see
Perceiving light process
When light hits the retina (a light-sensitive layer of tissue at the back of the eye), special cells called photoreceptors turn the light into electrical signals
Color perception
trichromatic theory- red,green,blue
Opponent process- yellow/blue, red/green, and black/white
Cues in depth perception
Binocular cues- Disparity ,Convergence
Monocular cues- linear perspective, interposition, overlap, texture gradient
Properties of sound
Pitch, frequency, amplitude, consistency
parts of the ear
outer ear-pinna, external canal
middle ear-ossicles the three small bones (malleus, incus, stapes)
inner ear- cochlea, vestibule
Describe the Process of Perceiving Sound
sound waves enter the outer ear, and travel through a narrow passageway- the ear canal, which leads to the ear drum.
Identify Theories of Pitch
temporal theory- low frquency
place theory- high frequency
Reasons for Hearing Loss
age, noise levels/exporsure to sound, ear/sinus congestion
Basic Chemical Senses – Taste and Smell
basic taste- sweet, sour, salty, bitter, umami (savory)
Major Skin/Touch Sensations
pressure, temp.,pain
kinesthetic- sense of balance
Methods for Organizing Visual Information
proximity (lumps together)
continuity
simiarity (look the same together)
closure (ability to see whole pic.)
Perceptual Constancy
size- image changes, we dont see size change
shape- consistency of shape
brightness
color- same color even though different lighting
Other Factors Affecting Perception
motiviation and emotion
expectations
persnality
perceptual style- field dependent and independent
experience and culture- see someone that looks familiar might change experience
