Chapter 5

Question 1

Membranes have selective permeability meaning that

Answer 1

only some substances can get across membrane

Question 2

Phospholipids are amphipathic and so are its

Answer 2

proteins

Question 3

Glycoprotein

Answer 3

• cell recognition
  -protein embedded in cell membrane with carbohydrate side chain

Question 4

Glycolipid

Answer 4

• cell recognition
• carbohydrate side chain attached directly to phospholipid bilayer

Question 5

Fluid Mosaic Model

Answer 5

described phospholipid bilayer and its integrins

Question 6

Channel proteins are

Answer 6

hydrophilic

Question 7

Carrier Proteins

Answer 7

change shape to allow molecules through

Question 8

Signal Transduction

Answer 8

signals within body pick up signaling molecule, molecules activate by changing shape

Question 9

Intercellular Joining

Answer 9

cells get next to each other to ooze into each other

Question 10

Polar molecules do not go through cell membranes easily, they need the help of

Answer 10

Integrins

Question 11

Transport Proteins

Answer 11

allow the passage of hydrophilic substances across cell membrane

Question 12

Diffusion

Answer 12

passive process - no energy
greater concentration to lesser concentration

Question 13

Passive Transport

Answer 13

does not require energy

Question 14

Osmosis

Answer 14

diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane

Question 15

Tonicity

Answer 15

concentrations inside or outside of a cell causing it to lose or gain water

Question 16

Osmoregulation

Answer 16

control of the solute concentration and water balance
- contractile vacuole

Question 17

Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 17

Passive
protein is used
ion channels open and close in response to stimulus

Question 18

Active Transport

Answer 18

moves substances across membrane against their concentration gradient; requires energy usually with ATP

Question 19

Sodium Potassium Pump

Answer 19

Active
1 ATP pumps out 3 Na and moves in 3 K
example of active transport

Question 20

Membrane Potential

Answer 20

voltage across membrane caused by differences in anions and cations

Question 21

Electrochemical Gradient

Answer 21

2 combined forces; diffusion of ions across membrane

Question 22

Electrogenic Pump

Answer 22

transport protein voltage

Question 23

Bulk Transport requires

Answer 23

energy

Question 24

Endocytosis

Answer 24

into cell
examples
- Phagocytosis, Pinocytosis, Receptor

Question 25

Paracrine Signaling

Answer 25

signaling cells get close and secrete cytoplasm on each other

Question 26

Endocrine/hormonal signaling

Answer 26

long distance signaling

Question 27

Ligand Binding

Answer 27

• specific
• causes shape change in receptor, causing receptors to activate
• most receptors are plasma membrane proteins

Question 28

Ligands

Answer 28

signal molecule
gated ion channels to that open when receptor changes shape

Question 29

G Protein

Answer 29

• coupled receptors
• work with G protein, bond to GTP that are similar in structure

Question 30

When a receptor is activated it continuously activates…

Answer 30

another receptor
like dominoes falling

Question 31

Protein Kinases

Answer 31

transfer phosphates from ATP to protein - causing Phosphorylation

Question 32

Dephosphorylation

Answer 32

phosphates are removed from proteins
phosphates deactivate signal transduction pathway and make protein kinases available for reuse