Chapter 3

Question 1

Purines

Answer 1

Adenine and Guanine

Question 2

Pyrimidines

Answer 2

Thymine, Uracil, Cytosine

Question 3

Purines pair with

Answer 3

Pyrimidines

Question 4

Denaturation

Answer 4

loss of proteins native structure, creates inactive protein

Question 5

Disulfide Bridges

Answer 5

form between sulfurs of 2 cytosines

Question 6

Quaternary Structure

Answer 6

results from interactions between multiple polypeptide chains

Question 7

Tertiary Structure

Answer 7

overall shape of polypeptide is determined by interactions among various R - Groups

Question 8

Secondary Structure

Answer 8

coils and folds in polypeptide chain, result of hydrogen bonds between constituents of polypeptide back bone. Alpha helix and beta pleated sheet

Question 9

Primary Structure

Answer 9

proteins unique sequence of maino acids

Question 10

Amino acids are linked by

Answer 10

peptide bonds

Question 11

Polypeptides

Answer 11

make proteins by bonding together various amino acids
- build from same set of 20 amino acids

Question 12

Proteins

Answer 12

biologically functional molecule consisting of one or more polypeptides

Question 13

Proteins make up 50% of the

Answer 13

dry mass

Question 14

Functions of Protein

Answer 14

• defense
• storage
• transport
• cellular communication
• movement
• structural support

Question 15

Phospholipid

Answer 15

two fatty acids and a phosphate group attached to a glycerol

Question 16

Saturated fatty acids

Answer 16

maximum number of hydrogens and no double binds

Question 17

Unsaturated fats

Answer 17

one or more double bonds

Question 18

Glycerol

Answer 18

3 carbon alcohol with hydroxyl group attached to each carbon

Question 19

Fats

Answer 19

glycerol and fatty acids

Question 20

fatty acids

Answer 20

carboxyl group attached to long carbon skeleton

Question 21

Lipids

Answer 21

do not form polymers, hydrophobic because they are made of hydrocarbons; form nonpolar covalent bonds

Question 22

Carbohydrates

Answer 22

• sugars and polymers of sugars

Question 23

Hydrolosis

Answer 23

polymers are disassembled to monomers

Question 24

dehydration reaction

Answer 24

two monomers bond together

Question 25

Polymer

Answer 25

long molecule with many building blocks

Question 26

Monomer

Answer 26

small building block molecule

Question 27

Enantiomers

Answer 27

isomers, mirror images of each other, only one is biologically active

Question 28

Cis-Trans Isomers

Answer 28

covalent bonds double bonded to another carbon

Question 29

Isomers

Answer 29

compounds with the same number of atoms of the same elements but have different structures and properties

Question 30

Structural isomers

Answer 30

differ in covalent arrangement of their atoms

Question 31

Hydroxyl

Answer 31

-OH
- Alcohol

Question 32

Carbonyl

Answer 32

C=O
ketone and -aldehyde

Question 33

Carboxyl

Answer 33

-COOH
Carboxylic Acid

Question 34

Amino

Answer 34

NH2
amine

Question 35

Sulfhydryl

Answer 35

SH2
thiol

Question 36

Phosphate

Answer 36

OPO3^2-

Question 37

Methyl

Answer 37

CH3
Methylated

Question 38

Hydrocarbons

Answer 38

consists of only carbon and hydrogen
release large amounts of energy

Question 39

In molecules with multiple carbons each carbon bonded has a … shape

Answer 39

tetrahedral

Question 40

Atoms electron configuration determines what?

Answer 40

kinds and number of bonds the atom will form with other atoms