Chapter 5

Question 1

Little yolk (amphixous, placental mammals)

Evenly distributed in cytoplasm (isolecithal)

Answer 1

Microlecithal

Question 2

Moderate yolk (freshwater lampreys, Ganoid fishes, lung fishes, and amphibians)

Answer 2

Mesolecithal

Question 3

Massive yolk (marine lampreys, elasmobranchs, teleosts, reptiles, birds, and monotremes)

Answer 3

Macrolecithal

Question 4

Yolk towards vegetal pole; cytoplasm and nucleus towards animal pole (in meso and macrolecithal eggs)

Answer 4

Telolecithal

Question 5

Lays eggs; amount of yolk determines stage of development at hatching (massive [birds] - fully formed; little [frogs] -larval)

Answer 5

Oviparous

Question 6

Embryonic development within mother until live young is delivered; has evolved to some degree in all vertebrate classes except the anathema and the birds

Answer 6

Viviparious

Question 7

Fertilization and development in ovarian follicle (no ovulation) or in ovarian cavity

Eggs are not released to get in contact with sperm

Answer 7

Viviparous teleosts

Question 8

Embryonic adaptations for oxygen. And nutrient absorption from ovarian fluids

Answer 8

Enlarged pericardial sac or gut, villus-like projections from gut lining through vent (trophotaeniae)

Question 9

Maternal tissue adaptations (hormonally driven):

Answer 9

Vascular folder villi in ovarian follicle wall (teleosts) or uterus for increased glandular secretion of nutrients( histotrophic nutrition)

Question 10

Mother provides protection and oxygen; nourishment from yolk stored in egg (viviparous sharks)

Answer 10

Ovoviviparity

Question 11

Maternal tissues provide all nourishment, oxygen, and elimination of metabolic waste products (placental animals)

Answer 11

Euviviparity

Question 12

External fertilization

Answer 12

Oviparous fishes, frogs and toads