Chapter 5

Question 1

Which technique uses the infusion of a radio-opaque dye into a cerebral artery in order to visualize the cerebral circulatory system during x-ray photography?

Answer 1

cerebral angiography

Question 2

In ______, high-resolution images are constructed from the measurement of radio-frequency waves that hydrogen atoms emit as they align with a powerful magnetic field.

Answer 2

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Question 3

Diffusion tensor imaging is a method of identifying:

Answer 3

pathways where water molecules spread out rapidly.

Question 4

Which attribute of oxygenated blood makes functional MRI (fMRI) possible?

Answer 4

Active areas of the brain take up more oxygenated blood than they need for their energy requirements.

Question 5

Which method is used to activate particular areas of human cortex?

Answer 5

transcranial electrical stimulation

Question 6

Scalp electroencephalography reveals alpha waves in Rhonda’s brain. Rhonda is MOST likely:

Answer 6

relaxed.

Question 7

One problem found in recording sensory evoked potentials is that:

Answer 7

the sensory evoked potential is masked by background noise.

Question 8

The usual procedure for measuring muscle tension is:

Answer 8

electromyography.

Question 9

The electrical activity between each heartbeat is measured by a(n):

Answer 9

electrocardiogram.

Question 10

The usual procedure for measuring changes in the volume of blood in a particular part of the body is:

Answer 10

plethysmography.

Question 11

The _____________________ is used to locate brain structures in much the same way that a map is used to locate geographic landmarks.

Answer 11

stereotaxic atlas

Question 12

Which lesion method is used to eliminate conduction in a nerve or tract?

Answer 12

sectioning

Question 13

Which lesion method would you use to selectively remove the cortical tissue while leaving the underlying white matter intact?

Answer 13

aspiration

Question 14

Which method would you use to temporarily inactivate the amygdala?

Answer 14

reversible lesioning

Question 15

Which invasive electrophysiological recording method would you use to record the resting membrane potential of a neuron?

Answer 15

intracellular unit recording

Question 16

With respect to the ways that drugs are administered in psychopharmacological experiments, injection into the stomach is to injection into the abdomen as ______ is to _____.

Answer 16

intragastric; intraperitoneal

Question 17

To bypass the blood–brain barrier, drugs can be administered in small amounts through a fine, hollow tube called a

Answer 17

cannula.

Question 18

The neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) destroys not only those neurons that release dopamine but also those that release:

Answer 18

norepinephrine.

Question 19

Which method of measuring the extracellular concentration of specific neurochemicals in behaving animals does NOT require that the animal be euthanized for study?

Answer 19

cerebral dialysis

Question 20

A technique for locating particular neurotransmitters or receptors in the brain that involves labeling antibodies with a dye or radioactive element is:

Answer 20

immunocytochemistry.