Chapter 5

Question 1

What are the three types of measures?

Answer 1

Self-report, observational measures and physiological measures.

Question 2

What are the four scales of measurement?

Answer 2

Categorical (numbers mean nothing), ordinal (ranked order), interval (no true zero), ratio (zero means nothing)

Question 3

Reliability

Answer 3

How consistent the results of a measure are.

Question 4

Test-retest reliability

Answer 4

Consistent scores over different times.

Question 5

Interrater reliability

Answer 5

Consistent scores when the measure is done by different people.

Question 6

Internal reliability

Answer 6

Consistent scores when the question is phrased differently (Crohnbach’s alpha)

Question 7

Correlation

Answer 7

How closely points on a scatterplot are related.

Question 8

What are five ways to assess construct validity?

Answer 8

1. Face validity
2. Content validity
3. Criterion validity
4. Convergent validity
5. Discriminant validity

Question 9

Face validity

Answer 9

Does it look like what you want to measure? This is subjective.

Question 10

Content validity

Answer 10

Does it contain everything the theory says it should contain? This is subjective.

Question 11

Criterion validity

Answer 11

Is the measure correlated with relevant behavioural outcomes? Use of known-groups paradigm.

Question 12

Known-groups paradigm

Answer 12

Can scores on the measure discriminate among groups whose behaviour is already confirmed?

Question 13

Convergent validity

Answer 13

Is your self-report strongly associated with measures of similar constructs?

Question 14

Discriminant validity

Answer 14

Is your self-report uncorrelated with measures of dissimilar constructs?

Question 15

What is the association between reliability and validity?

Answer 15

Low reliability means low validity, but not the other way around.