Chapter 5 Flashcards
what is a developmental disorder
- failure during the process of cell division and differentiation into various tissues and structures
- some may be identified clinically, by radiographic exam, biopsy, or histologic examination
what would quantify an anomaly or disorder
- excess
- lack of
- deformity of
- dependent on timing and length of disturbance
what is an inherent disorder
- caused by an abnormality in genetic makeup
what is a congenital disorder
- present at birth
- may be inherited or developmental
- cause of most congenital abnormalities is unknown
what is ankyloglossia
- an extensive adhesion of the tongue to the floor of the mouth
- due to the complete or partial fusion of the lingual frenum
- some patients may have adverse effects, while others may have difficulty with speech
- it may just involve mucosa, or it may be muscular and thick
how do we treat ankyloglossia
- frenectomy
- works nicely with a laser
what are commissural lip pits
- epithelium-lined blind tracts located at the corners of the mouth (commissures)
- may be shallow or several millimeters deep
- congenital lip pits may also be observed near the midline of the vermillion border
- no tx
what are congenital lip pits
- similar to commissural lip pits
- found at midline of lips
what is a lingual thyroid
- a small mass of thyroid tissue located on the tongue
- results from the failure of the primitive thyroid tissue to migrate from its developmental location in the area of foramen cecum on the posterior portion of the tongue to its normal position in the neck
- appears as a smooth nodular mass posterior to the circumvallate papillae at the base of the tongue
how do we treat lingual thyroid
- may be removed if it is obstructive, providing the patient has other functioning thyroid tissue
what are developmental cysts
- odontogenic cysts: related to tooth development
- nonodontogenic cysts: not tooth related
- pseudocysts
- an abnormal fluid-filled epithelium-lined sac or cavity
- found throughout the body, including the head and neck region
how are developmental cysts classified
- whether they are odontogenic or nonodontogenic
- also classified according to location, cause, origin of epithelial cells, and histologic appearance
what is an intraosseous cyst
- occurs within the bone
what is an extraosseous cyst
- occurs in soft tissue
how do cysts within the bone appear in rad
- generally appear as well-circumscribed radiolucencies
- may appear as unilocular or multilocular
what are the different classifications of odontogenic cysts
- dentigerous cyst
- eruption cyst
- primordial cyst
- odontogenic keratocyst
- calcifying odontogenic cyst
what is a dentigerous cyst
- odontogenic cyst
- aka follicular cyst
- forms around the crown of an unerupted or developing tooth
- the epithelial lining originates from the reduced enamel epithelium after the crown has formed and calcified
- most commonly around the crown of an unerupted or impacted third molar
how does a dentigerous cyst appear on rad
- a well defined, unilocular radiolucency around the crown of an unerupted or impacted tooth
what is the histologic makeup of a dentigerous cyst
- the lumen is most characteristically lined with cuboidal epithelium surrounded by a wall of connective tissue
what is the tx for a dentigerous cyst
- removal of the cyst
- some risk of cystic transformation into a neoplasm
what is an eruption cyst and how do we treat it
- odontogenic cyst
- similar to a dentigerous cyst; found in the soft tissue around the crown of an erupting tooth
- tx: none, will erupt through it. can make an incision in cyst to help
what is a primordial cyst
- odontogenic cyst
- develops in place of a tooth
- most commonly in place of a third molar
- most often seen in young adults and discovered on rad exam
what is the histological surroundings of a primordial cyst
- the lumen is lined by a stratified squamous epithelium surrounded by parallel bundles of collagen fibers
- it may prove to be an odontogenic keratocyst or a lateral periodontal cyst
how do we treat a primordial cyst
- surgical removal
- risk of recurrence depends on the diagnosis
what is an odontogenic keratocyst
- odontogenic cyst
- characterized by histologic appearance and frequent recurrence
- the lumen of the cyst contains parakeratin
- most often seen in the mand third molar region
- can move teeth and cause resorption
how do we treat an odontogenic keratocyst
- due to a high recurrence rate, surgical excision and osseous curettage are recommended to remove all cells
- after removal, the bone will refill the empty void
what is a calcifying odontogenic cyst
- odontogenic cyst
- a non aggressive, cystic lesion lined by odontogenic epithelium
- closely resembles an ameloblastoma
- has a characteristic feature called ghost cells
- common in incisor region
what is an epidermal cyst and what is the tx
- non odontogenic cyst
- a raised nodule on the skin of the face or neck
- may be noted intraorally on occasion
- histologic: lined by keratinizing epithelium that resembles the epithelium of the skin. the lumen is usually filled with keratin scales
- tx: surgical excision
what is a simple bone cyst
- non odontogenic cyst
- a pathologic cavity in bone that is not lined with epithelium. not a true cyst. may be associated with trauma
- radiographic: well defined unilocular or multilocular radiolucency. characteristically shows scalloping around roots of teeth
- tx: curettage on the wall lining the void
