Chapter 1 Flashcards
what is oral pathology
- the specialty of dentistry and pathology which deals with:
- the nature
- identification
- and management of diseases affecting the oral and maxillofacial regions
- a science that investigates the causes, processes and effects of these diseases
what is important to note about lesions using special vocabulary
- the clinical appearance of soft tissue lesions
- soft tissue consistency
- color of lesion
- size of lesion
- surface texture
- radiographic terms used to describe lesions in bone
what lesions do we exclude in differential diagnosis
- hereditary lesions
- autoimmune lesions
- viral lesions
- erosive lichen planus
- erythema multiforme
- erythroplakia
what are the different categories of lesions
- flat
- depressed
- raised
what are flat lesions
- macule or a patch
- appears like a freckle
what are depression lesions
- erosion, ulcer
- appears as a bigger type of freckle, non-palpable
what are the 2 types of raised lesions and what is the difference
- nonblisterform: includes papules, pique, nodules and tumors. solid mass
- blisterform: includes vesicles or pustules. has pus or serum inside
what is a macule
- non-palpable
- small (less than 1 cm)
- change in colour from the rest of the surrounding oral tissue
- ephelis (freckle)
what is a patch
- larger
- different colour and/or texture, might have wrinkling but non-palpable lesion
what is an erosion
- depressed, loss of surface epithelium
- NOT into underlying tissue
- usually heals without a scar
- erosive lichen planus
what is an ulcer
- depressed, loss of surface epithelium
- into underlying tissue (dermis)
- scar is possible
- traumatic ulcer
- ex chicken pox depression (varicella zoster virus)
what is a papule
- a superficial elevated solid lesion
- solid elevation
- smaller than 1 cm in diameter
- squamous papilloma
what is a plaque
- a superficial elevated solid lesion
- larger than 1 cm
- flat top, broad papule, plateau-like
- lichen planus
what is a nodule
- a solid elevated lesion
- extends deeper into the tissue
- up to 1 cm, larger than a papule
- can occur above, level with, or beneath surface
- palpable
- irritation fibroma
what is a tumor
- a solid elevated lesion
- larger, greater than 2 cm
- benign or malignant
what is a vesicle
- blisterform or fluid filled lesion
- small, less than 1 cam
- fluid is lymph or serum
- common in herpes simplex
what is a pustule
- pus filled, purulent material
- common in periodontal abscess
what is a bulla
- greater than 5 mm
- BIG, BULBOUS, BLISTER
- bad (more severe disease)
what is a cyst
- encased or closed in sac
- epithelial-lined
- can be semi-solid, solid or contain fluid
- eruption cyst
what is a lobule
- a segment or a lobe that is a part of the whole
- these lobes sometimes appear fused together
- lobulated torus palatinus
what is a pedunculated lesion
- attached by a stemlike or stalk base similar to that of a mushroom
what is a sessile lesion
- describing the base of a lesion that is flat or broad instead of stemlike
what does wheal mean
- edema (swelling), allergic reaction, only slightly raised
what does scar mean
- healed wound
what does fissure mean
- deep groove, eg fissured tongue
what does sinus mean
- cavity or drainage tract, paranasal sinuses or fistula from an abscess
what is palpation
- the elevation of a lesion by feeling it with the fingers to determine the texture of the area
what are the descriptive terms for palpation
- soft
- firm
- semi-firm
- fluid filled
what colours are frequently used to describe a lesion
- red, pink, salmon, white, blue-black, gray, brown and black
- ca be used to identify specific lesions and may also be incorporated into general descriptions
what does erythema mean
- an abnormal redness of the mucosa or gingiva
what does pallor mean
- paleness of the skin or mucosal tissues
what units do we use to measure leasions
- centimeters
- millimeters
what are the 3 types of surface textures
- corrugated (wrinkled)
- fissure (a cleft or groove, normal or otherwise, showing prominent depth)
- papillary (resembling small, nipple-shaped projections or elevations found in clusters)
what is coalescence
- radiographic term used to describe lesions in bone
- the process by which parts of a whole join together, or fuse, to make one
what is diffuse
- radiographic term used to describe lesions in bone
- describes a lesion with borders that are not well defined, making it impossible to detect the exact parameters of the lesion; this may make treatment more difficult and, depending on the biopsy results, more radical
what does multilocular mean
- describes a lesion that extends beyond the confines of one distinct area and is defined as many lobes or parts that are somewhat fused together, making up the entire lesion
- a multilocular radiolucency is sometimes described as resembling soap bubbles; an odontogenic keratocyst often presents as a multilocular radiolucent lesion
what is scalloping around the root
- a radiolucent lesion that extends between the roots, as seen in a traumatic bone cyst; this lesion appears to extend up the periodontal ligament
what is unilocular
- having one compartment or unit that is well defined or outlined as in a simple radicular cyst
what does well circumscribed mean
- term used to describe a lesion with borders that are specifically defined and in which one can clearly see the exact margins and extent
what does the making a diagnosis require
- requires gathering information that is relevant to the patient and the lesion being evaluated; this information comes from various sources
what are the 8 steps in the diagnostic process
- clinical diagnosis
- radiographic diagnosis
- historical diagnosis
- laboratory diagnosis
- microscopic diagnosis
- surgical diagnosis
- therapeutic diagnosis
- differential diagnosis
what is leukplakia
- describes a white lesion that cannot be rubbed off or diagnosed through clinical characteristics alone
what is erythroplakia
- a red lesion that cannot be diagnosed on the basis of clinical features alone
what types of HPV are higher risk for squamous cell carcinoma
- types 16 and 18
