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Oral Pathology > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is oral pathology

A
  • the specialty of dentistry and pathology which deals with:
  • the nature
  • identification
  • and management of diseases affecting the oral and maxillofacial regions
  • a science that investigates the causes, processes and effects of these diseases
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2
Q

what is important to note about lesions using special vocabulary

A
  • the clinical appearance of soft tissue lesions
  • soft tissue consistency
  • color of lesion
  • size of lesion
  • surface texture
  • radiographic terms used to describe lesions in bone
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3
Q

what lesions do we exclude in differential diagnosis

A
  • hereditary lesions
  • autoimmune lesions
  • viral lesions
  • erosive lichen planus
  • erythema multiforme
  • erythroplakia
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4
Q

what are the different categories of lesions

A
  • flat
  • depressed
  • raised
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5
Q

what are flat lesions

A
  • macule or a patch

- appears like a freckle

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6
Q

what are depression lesions

A
  • erosion, ulcer

- appears as a bigger type of freckle, non-palpable

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7
Q

what are the 2 types of raised lesions and what is the difference

A
  1. nonblisterform: includes papules, pique, nodules and tumors. solid mass
  2. blisterform: includes vesicles or pustules. has pus or serum inside
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8
Q

what is a macule

A
  • non-palpable
  • small (less than 1 cm)
  • change in colour from the rest of the surrounding oral tissue
  • ephelis (freckle)
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9
Q

what is a patch

A
  • larger

- different colour and/or texture, might have wrinkling but non-palpable lesion

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10
Q

what is an erosion

A
  • depressed, loss of surface epithelium
  • NOT into underlying tissue
  • usually heals without a scar
  • erosive lichen planus
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11
Q

what is an ulcer

A
  • depressed, loss of surface epithelium
  • into underlying tissue (dermis)
  • scar is possible
  • traumatic ulcer
  • ex chicken pox depression (varicella zoster virus)
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12
Q

what is a papule

A
  • a superficial elevated solid lesion
  • solid elevation
  • smaller than 1 cm in diameter
  • squamous papilloma
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13
Q

what is a plaque

A
  • a superficial elevated solid lesion
  • larger than 1 cm
  • flat top, broad papule, plateau-like
  • lichen planus
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14
Q

what is a nodule

A
  • a solid elevated lesion
  • extends deeper into the tissue
  • up to 1 cm, larger than a papule
  • can occur above, level with, or beneath surface
  • palpable
  • irritation fibroma
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15
Q

what is a tumor

A
  • a solid elevated lesion
  • larger, greater than 2 cm
  • benign or malignant
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16
Q

what is a vesicle

A
  • blisterform or fluid filled lesion
  • small, less than 1 cam
  • fluid is lymph or serum
  • common in herpes simplex
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17
Q

what is a pustule

A
  • pus filled, purulent material

- common in periodontal abscess

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18
Q

what is a bulla

A
  • greater than 5 mm
  • BIG, BULBOUS, BLISTER
  • bad (more severe disease)
19
Q

what is a cyst

A
  • encased or closed in sac
  • epithelial-lined
  • can be semi-solid, solid or contain fluid
  • eruption cyst
20
Q

what is a lobule

A
  • a segment or a lobe that is a part of the whole
  • these lobes sometimes appear fused together
  • lobulated torus palatinus
21
Q

what is a pedunculated lesion

A
  • attached by a stemlike or stalk base similar to that of a mushroom
22
Q

what is a sessile lesion

A
  • describing the base of a lesion that is flat or broad instead of stemlike
23
Q

what does wheal mean

A
  • edema (swelling), allergic reaction, only slightly raised
24
Q

what does scar mean

A
  • healed wound
25
Q

what does fissure mean

A
  • deep groove, eg fissured tongue
26
Q

what does sinus mean

A
  • cavity or drainage tract, paranasal sinuses or fistula from an abscess
27
Q

what is palpation

A
  • the elevation of a lesion by feeling it with the fingers to determine the texture of the area
28
Q

what are the descriptive terms for palpation

A
  • soft
  • firm
  • semi-firm
  • fluid filled
29
Q

what colours are frequently used to describe a lesion

A
  • red, pink, salmon, white, blue-black, gray, brown and black
  • ca be used to identify specific lesions and may also be incorporated into general descriptions
30
Q

what does erythema mean

A
  • an abnormal redness of the mucosa or gingiva
31
Q

what does pallor mean

A
  • paleness of the skin or mucosal tissues
32
Q

what units do we use to measure leasions

A
  • centimeters

- millimeters

33
Q

what are the 3 types of surface textures

A
  • corrugated (wrinkled)
  • fissure (a cleft or groove, normal or otherwise, showing prominent depth)
  • papillary (resembling small, nipple-shaped projections or elevations found in clusters)
34
Q

what is coalescence

A
  • radiographic term used to describe lesions in bone

- the process by which parts of a whole join together, or fuse, to make one

35
Q

what is diffuse

A
  • radiographic term used to describe lesions in bone
  • describes a lesion with borders that are not well defined, making it impossible to detect the exact parameters of the lesion; this may make treatment more difficult and, depending on the biopsy results, more radical
36
Q

what does multilocular mean

A
  • describes a lesion that extends beyond the confines of one distinct area and is defined as many lobes or parts that are somewhat fused together, making up the entire lesion
  • a multilocular radiolucency is sometimes described as resembling soap bubbles; an odontogenic keratocyst often presents as a multilocular radiolucent lesion
37
Q

what is scalloping around the root

A
  • a radiolucent lesion that extends between the roots, as seen in a traumatic bone cyst; this lesion appears to extend up the periodontal ligament
38
Q

what is unilocular

A
  • having one compartment or unit that is well defined or outlined as in a simple radicular cyst
39
Q

what does well circumscribed mean

A
  • term used to describe a lesion with borders that are specifically defined and in which one can clearly see the exact margins and extent
40
Q

what does the making a diagnosis require

A
  • requires gathering information that is relevant to the patient and the lesion being evaluated; this information comes from various sources
41
Q

what are the 8 steps in the diagnostic process

A
  1. clinical diagnosis
  2. radiographic diagnosis
  3. historical diagnosis
  4. laboratory diagnosis
  5. microscopic diagnosis
  6. surgical diagnosis
  7. therapeutic diagnosis
  8. differential diagnosis
42
Q

what is leukplakia

A
  • describes a white lesion that cannot be rubbed off or diagnosed through clinical characteristics alone
43
Q

what is erythroplakia

A
  • a red lesion that cannot be diagnosed on the basis of clinical features alone
44
Q

what types of HPV are higher risk for squamous cell carcinoma

A
  • types 16 and 18

Oral Pathology (9 decks)

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