Chapter 5 Flashcards
Which of the following terms is used to refer to the process that can generate sufficient quantities of burnable vapors to ignite in the presence of a sufficient oxidizer?
Select one:
a. Pyrolysis
b. Fire point
c. Flash point
d. Vapor pressure
a.Pyrolysis
Which of the following BEST describes how understanding the physical science of fire can help firefighters?
Select one:
a. It keeps flaming combustion from beginning.
b. It helps in stopping rapid fire behavior from developing.
c. It keeps radiant heat from igniting fuel.
d. It translates into practical knowledge of fire behavior.
d.It translates into practical knowledge of fire behavior.
Which type of fuel does not contain carbon?
Select one:
a. Reactive
b. Simple
c. Inorganic
d. Organic
c.Inorganic
What mode of combustion produces a smoldering glow in a material’s surface?
Select one:
a. Nonflaming
b. Potential
c. Kinetic
d. Flaming
a.Nonflaming
Heat release rate is usually expressed in which of the following measurements?
Select one:
a. Kilojoules/gram (kJ/g)
b. Kilowatts (kW)
c. British thermal unit (Btu)
d. Kilowatts per meter squared (kW/m2)
b.Kilowatts (kW)
The ignition of unburned fire gases at the top of the compartment is known as:
Select one:
a. flashover.
b. combustion.
c. rollover.
d. smoke explosion.
c.rollover.
Which of the following BEST describes the complete oxidation of methane?
Select one:
a. It produces water.
b. It produces oxygen and water.
c. It produces carbon dioxide and water.
d. It produces carbon dioxide.
c.It produces carbon dioxide and water.
What is the most common method used in fire fighting operations?
Select one:
a. Fuel removal
b. Chemical flame inhibition
c. Oxygen exclusion
d. Temperature reduction
d.Temperature reduction
Which of the following BEST describes the impact of an extinguishing agent when trying to extinguish flaming combustion?
Select one:
a. It burns more oxygen in a short amount of time.
b. It interferes with the chemical reaction.
c. It speeds the combustion reaction.
d. It forms an unstable product.
b.It interferes with the chemical reaction.
What fire development factor includes cold temperature, strong winds, and wind direction?
Select one:
a. Fuel type
b. Ambient conditions
c. Compartment volume and ceiling height
d. Availability and location of additional fuel
b.Ambient conditions
Which of the following BEST describes the influence of exposed surfaces on radiant heat?
Select one:
a. Materials that reflect radiated energy help increase radiant heat.
b. Creating a vacuum will stop radiant heat.
c. Dark materials emit and absorb heat more effectively than light materials.
d. Temperature differences between the heat source and exposed surface have no impact.
c.Dark materials emit and absorb heat more effectively than light materials.
What product of combustion is the most common product in structure fires?
Select one:
a. Toxic smoke
b. Carbon monoxide
c. Hydrogen cyanide
d. Thermal energy
b.Carbon monoxide
Which of the following BEST describes the impact of higher oxygen concentration on combustion?
Select one:
a. Nonflaming combustion is extinguished.
b. Materials that do not burn at normal levels still do not burn.
c. Fires may be easier to extinguish.
d. Materials burn more intensely.
d.Materials burn more intensely.
What type of combustion occurs when burning is localized on or near a fuel’s surface?
Select one:
a. Flaming
b. Nonflaming
c. Exothermic
d. Endothermic
b.Nonflaming
What term is used to describe the extent to which a substance will mix with water?
Select one:
a. Volatility
b. Solubility
c. Mixability
d. Reactivity
b.Solubility
Which of the following is a building indicator for a possible backdraft?
Select one:
a. Fire confined to a void space
b. Turbulent smoke discharge
c. Optically dense smoke
d. Little or no visible flame
a.Fire confined to a void space
The process of ignition causes pyrolysis in solid fuels and ___ in liquid fuels.
Select one:
a. melting
b. kinetic reaction
c. vaporization
d. freezing
c.vaporization
What method of heat transfer occurs when a material is heated as the result of direct contact with a heat source?
Select one:
a. Conduction
b. Potential
c. Radiation
d. Convection
a.Conduction
Which of the following represents the amount of energy that an object can release in the future?
Select one:
a. Kinetic
b. Mechanical
c. Thermal
d. Potential
d.Potential
What type of reaction absorbs energy as it occurs?
Select one:
a. Kinetic
b. Exothermic
c. Endothermic
d. Potential
c.Endothermic
What common element of flashover represents the shift from growth stage to fully developed stage?
Select one:
a. Compartment
b. Transition in fire development
c. Rapidity
d. Ignition of all exposed surfaces
b.Transition in fire development
What fire stage occurs as the fuel is consumed and oxygen concentration falls?
Select one:
a. Decay
b. Incipient
c. Growth
d. Fully Developed
a.Decay
Which of the following terms is the total amount of energy released when a specific amount of fuel is burned?
Select one:
a. Heat release rate
b. Chemical energy
c. Thermal energy
d. Heat of combustion
d.Heat of combustion
What aspect of fire development is a result of an increase in low-level ventilation prior to upper level ventilation?
Select one:
a. Smoke explosion
b. Backdraft
c. Combustion
d. Rollover
b.Backdraft
What type of fuel has a definite size and shape?
Select one:
a. Liquid
b. Gaseous
c. Solid
d. Chemical
c.Solid
What fire-suppression method does not work if fuel is self-oxidixing?
Select one:
a. Chemical flame inhibition
b. Oxygen exclusion
c. Temperature reduction
d. Fuel removal
b.Oxygen exclusion
Which of the following sources of energy is a form of oxidation?
Select one:
a. Spontaneous ignition
b. Sparking
c. Resistance heating
d. self-heating
d.self-heating
What form of compartment fire is controlled by the availability of oxygen and the configuration of fuel?
Select one:
a. Ventilation-controlled
b. Fuel-controlled
c. Uncontrolled
d. Base controlled
b.Fuel-controlled
What term defines the minimum concentration of fuel vapor and air that supports combustion?
Select one:
a. Lower flammable limit
b. Upper flammable limit
c. Vaporization
d. Vapor pressure
a.Lower flammable limit
Which of the following is defined as the tendency of gases to form into layers according to temperature?
Select one:
a. Location of fuel package
b. Thermal layering
c. Location of ignition
d. Type of fuel
b.Thermal layering
In what stage is fire development largely dependent on the characteristics and configuration of the fuel involved?
Select one:
a. Incipient
b. Decay
c. Growth
d. Fully Developed
a.Incipient
Isolated flames in the gas layer during the growth stage indicates:
Select one:
a. that portions of the layer are within flammable range.
b. hot and cool gases are mixing together
c. the concentration of combustion products is low.
d. the temperature is only slightly above ambient.
a.that portions of the layer are within flammable range.
Which of the following BEST describes what the fire tetrahedron represents?
Select one:
a. The relationship between fuel, oxygen, heat
b. An uninhibited chemical chain reaction
c. A transfer of sound energy
d. The process of autoignition
b.An uninhibited chemical chain reaction
When a substance changes from one type of matter to another, it has had a:
Select one:
a. chemical reaction.
b. physical alteration.
c. physical change.
d. chemical shift.
a.chemical reaction
Which of the following affects the amount of air entrained in the plume during the growth stage?
Select one:
a. Location of ignition
b. Type of fuel
c. Thermal layering
d. Location of fuel package
d.Location of fuel package
What stage of fire development occurs when all the combustible materials in a compartment are burning?
Select one:
a. Fully Developed
b. Decay
c. Growth
d. Incipient
a.Fully Developed
What type of fuel can be the most dangerous of all the types?
Select one:
a. Gaseous
b. Liquid
c. Solid
d. Chemical
a.Gaseous
The neutral plane in the growth stage is the:
Select one:
a. beginning of rapid transition layers.
b. interface of hot and cool layers at an opening.
c. point where thermal layering begins.
d. opening in the hot and cool layers.
b.interface of hot and cool layers at an opening.
Fuel particles become smaller as the ratio of surface-to-mass:
Select one:
a. fluctuates back and forth.
b. decreases.
c. stays constant.
d. increases.
d.increases.
What source of thermal energy is the most common source of heat in combustion reactions?
Select one:
a. Electrical energy
b. Mechanical energy
c. Radiant energy
d. Chemical energy
d.Chemical energy
The primary oxidizing agent in most fires is:
Select one:
a. hydrogen.
b. nitrogen.
c. carbon.
d. oxygen.
c.carbon.
What fire development factor is based on considering how the volume of air will impact radiated heat in a fire?
Select one:
a. Availability and location of additional fuel
b. Fuel type
c. Compartment volume and ceiling height
d. Ambient conditions
c.Compartment volume and ceiling height
What method of fire suppression is the simplest?
Select one:
a. Oxygen exclusion
b. Chemical flame inhibition
c. Fuel removal
d. Temperature reduction
d.Temperature reduction
What type of rapid fire development happens when all the combustible materials and gases in a compartment ignite almost simultaneously?
Select one:
a. Flashover
b. Smoke explosion
c. Backdraft
d. Combustion
a.Flashover
What type of rapid fire development occurs as unburned fuel gases contact an ignition source?
Select one:
a. Combustion
b. Rollover
c. Backdraft
d. Smoke explosion
d.Smoke explosion
What product of combustion causes the most fire deaths?
Select one:
a. Carbon dioxide
b. Thermal energy
c. Toxic smoke
d. Hydrogen cyanide
c.Toxic smoke
What type of fuel has mass and volume but no definite shape?
Select one:
a. Gaseous
b. Chemical
c. Liquid
d. Solid
c.Liquid
Which of the following BEST describes why firefighters must use SCBA during overhaul?
Select one:
a. Hazardous concentrations are typically below short-term exposure limits.
b. Smoke is not like other flammable gases; it will not burn or explode.
c. Volume and density of smoke may be reduced, but the hazard is not eliminated.
d. Hazardous concentrations of smoke are only present outside the structure.
c.Volume and density of smoke may be reduced, but the hazard is not eliminated.
Which of the following BEST describes what vapor pressure indicates?
Select one:
a. How easily a substance will evaporate
b. What direction a substance will take when released from a container
c. What form the substance will take in a container
d. How long it takes a substance to evaporate
a.How easily a substance will evaporate
In what mode of combustion is a visible flame produced?
Select one:
a. Flaming
b. Kinetic
c. Nonflaming
d. Potential
a.Flaming
What heat transfer method usually occurs through movement of hot smoke and fire gases?
Select one:
a. Conduction
b. Radiation
c. Potential
d. Convection
d.Convection
What method of heat transfer can become the dominant mode as the fire grows in size?
Select one:
a. Radiation
b. Potential
c. Conduction
d. Convection
a.Radiation
The potential chemical energy of fuel in fire behavior is converted to:
Select one:
a. thermal energy.
b. mechanical energy.
c. electrical energy.
d. sound energy.
a.thermal energy.
Liquids with a specific gravity of less than 1 will:
Select one:
a. turn into vapor.
b. sink below the surface.
c. float on the surface.
d. turn into solid.
c.float on the surface.
What thermal property of a compartment contains heat within the compartment, causing localized increase in temperature?
Select one:
a. Passive agents
b. Insulation
c. Retention
d. Heat reflectivity
b.Insulation
What product of combustion may heat adjacent fuels, making them susceptible to ignition?
Select one:
a. Toxic smoke
b. Hydrogen cyanide
c. Carbon monoxide
d. Thermal energy
d.Thermal energy
The energy possessed by a moving object is called:
Select one:
a. thermal energy.
b. mechanical energy.
c. potential energy.
d. kinetic energy.
d.kinetic energy.
What type of reaction releases energy in the form of heat and sometimes light?
Select one:
a. Kinetic
b. Endothermic
c. Potential
d. Exothermic
b.Endothermic
Which of the following terms refers to a substance remaining chemically the same, but changing in size, shape or appearance?
Select one:
a. Chemical shift
b. Parallel alteration
c. Chemical reaction
d. Physical change
d.Physical change
What fire behavior can be the result of wind from outside the structure?
Select one:
a. Oxygen exclusion
b. Chemical flame inhibition
c. Temperature reduction
d. Unplanned ventilation
d.Unplanned ventilation
Which of the following is a heat indicator for a possible backdraft?
Select one:
a. Turbulent smoke discharge
b. Contents with high heat release rate
c. Smoke stained windows
d. Fire confined to a void space
c.Smoke stained windows
What suppression method uses extinguishing agents to stop flame production?
Select one:
a. Oxygen exclusion
b. Chemical flame inhibition
c. Temperature reduction
d. Ventilation
b.Chemical flame inhibition
Which of the following terms is the minimum temperature at which a liquid gives off sufficient vapors to ignite, but still not sustain combustion?
Select one:
a. Fire point
b. Flash point
c. Pressure point
d. Vapor point
b.Flash point
Water is converted to steam at:
Select one:
a. 300°F (149°C).
b. 212°F (100°C).
c. 230°F (110°C).
d. 190°F (88 °C).
b.212°F (100°C).
What is the most common form of ignition?
Select one:
a. Piloted
b. Endothermic
c. Exothermic
d. Autoignition
a.Piloted
Which of the following BEST describes kinetic energy transfer?
Select one:
a. It does not move at all.
b. It moves from high-temperature to low-temperature substances.
c. It moves from one substance to another, no matter what the temperature.
d. It moves from low-temperature to high-temperature substances.
b.It moves from high-temperature to low-temperature substances.
Which of the following fire development factors affects heat release rate?
Select one:
a. Availability and location of additional fuel
b. Compartment volume and ceiling height
c. Ventilation
d. Fuel type
d.Fuel type
What method of electrical energy occurs when a high-temperature luminous discharge crosses a gap?
Select one:
a. Sparking
b. Overcurrent
c. Arcing
d. Resistance heating
c.Arcing
What are the elements necessary to create fire in the model represented by the fire triangle?
Select one:
a. Heat, fuel, ignition
b. Oxygen and passive agents
c. Fuel, oxygen, heat
d. Passive agents and heat
c.Fuel, oxygen, heat
Which of the following is a heat indicator of a possible flashover?
Select one:
a. Darkened windows
b. Darkening smoke
c. Bi-directional movement in smoke
d. High velocity and turbulent air flow
c.Bi-directional movement in smoke
