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Fire service > Chapter 13 > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Flashcards

1
Q

When ventilating a multistory building, it is best to apply positive-pressure ventilation (PPV):

Select one:

a. on the floor with the least smoke.
b. at the lowest point of the structure.
c. at the highest point of the structure.
d. on the floor with the most smoke.

A

b.at the lowest point of the structure.

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2
Q

Which of the following causes air flow?

Select one:

a. Pressure differentials inside and outside compartment
b. Combustion of interior finishings
c. Escape of gases and flames from burning materials
d. Introduction of oxygen into the burning materials

A

a.Pressure differentials inside and outside compartment

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3
Q

Which of the following personnel determines if ventilation is necessary?

Select one:

a. Any firefighter can make the determination
b. Senior firefighter
c. Incident Commander
d. Battalion chief

A

c.Incident Commander

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4
Q

What factor makes high-rise fires life safety considerations an even higher priority?

Select one:

a. More occupants
b. Fewer windows
c. Fewer occupants
d. More windows

A

a.More occupants

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5
Q

When the natural flow of air currents and the currents created by the fire is insufficient to remove smoke, heat, and fire gases, what type of ventilation is necessary?

Select one:

a. Mechanical
b. Protected
c. Hydraulic
d. Vertical

A

a.Mechanical

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6
Q

Which fire behavior indicator provides visual indicators such as the size and location of the fire?

Select one:

a. Smoke
b. Air flow
c. Flame
d. Heat

A

c.Flame

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7
Q

Why must the open areas around a smoke ejector be properly sealed?

Select one:

a. To prevent air from recirculating back into the building.
b. To prevent smoke from being exhausted through the roof.
c. To prevent expelling fire gases from the building.
d. To prevent overheating of the smoke ejector and causing a fire.

A

a.To prevent air from recirculating back into the building.

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8
Q

What should a firefighter do before stepping off a ladder, parapet wall, or other place of safety onto the roof of a burning building, especially if the roof surface is obscured by smoke or darkness?

Select one:

a. Direct a fire steam into an existing horizontal exhaust opening.
b. Ensure the safety of all personnel who are assisting.
c. Direct a fire stream into an existing vertical exhaust opening.
d. Sound the roof for structural integrity by striking with an axe.

A

d.Sound the roof for structural integrity by striking with an axe.

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9
Q

Offensive vertical ventilation is intended to aid in reaching and:

Select one:

a. extinguishing the fire.
b. stopping the spread of fire.
c. determining the effect on exposures to the fire.
d. containing the fire to one area of the structure.

A

a.extinguishing the fire.

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10
Q

Which of the following factors have a bearing on deciding where to ventilate?

Select one:

a. Number of bystanders
b. Cost of ventilation operations
c. Indications of potential structural collapse
d. Availability of rehabilitation facilities

A

c.Indications of potential structural collapse

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11
Q

Allowing natural air currents and pressure differences to move smoke and heat out of the building is natural:

Select one:

a. hydraulic ventilation.
b. horizontal ventilation.
c. vertical ventilation.
d. exhaust ventilation.

A

b.horizontal ventilation.

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12
Q

Use of smoke ejectors to expel smoke and draw fresh air into a structure is a use of:

Select one:

a. negative-exhaust ventilation (NEV)
b. positive-pressure ventilation (PPV)
c. negative-pressure ventilation (NPV)
d. positive-exhaust ventilation (PEV)

A

c.negative-pressure ventilation (NPV)

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13
Q

If a trench cut is created improperly, it will place firefighters in the very dangerous position of working:

Select one:

a. behind the fire.
b. on plane with the fire.
c. ahead of the fire.
d. on top of the fire.

A

c.ahead of the fire.

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14
Q

Which of the following may occur if the effects of horizontal ventilation are disturbed?

Select one:

a. Oxygen concentration decreases
b. Fire intensity increases
c. Structure becomes unpressurized
d. Air currents are established

A

b.Fire intensity increases

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15
Q

Which fire behavior indicator can provide an indication of interior fire conditions by observing its volume, location, color, density, and movement?

Select one:

a. Smoke
b. Heat
c. Air flow
d. Flame

A

a.Smoke

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16
Q

Which of the following is an advantage to using mechanical ventilation?

Select one:

a. Increases control of air flow
b. Increases availability of water supply
c. Speeds the removal of contaminants
d. Decreases control of air flow

A

c.Speeds the removal of contaminants

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17
Q

Which side of an opening should a fan be placed for negative-pressure ventilation?

Select one:

a. Interior
b. Windward
c. Exterior
d. Leeward

A

d.Leeward

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18
Q

Velocity, turbulence, and direction are indicators of:

Select one:

a. smoke.
b. flame.
c. air pressure.
d. air flow.

A

d.air flow.

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19
Q

Which of the following factors is a primary reason that firefighters should not create tactical ventilation openings in an uncoordinated manner?

Select one:

a. Creating openings does unnecessary damage to the structure
b. Can cause fire streams to have negative affect on fire
c. May damage roof of structure by creating openings
d. Can spread fire to uninvolved areas

A

d.Can spread fire to uninvolved areas

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20
Q

Hydraulic ventilation involves using a spray nozzle set on a ___ pattern to draw the smoke out an opening such as a window or door.

Select one:

a. vertical
b. fan
c. horizontal
d. fog

A

d.fog

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21
Q

What do modern buildings have built-in that can contribute to the spread of smoke and toxic gases throughout a structure?

Select one:

a. Exhaust systems
b. Smoke control systems
c. Automatic systems
d. HVAC systems

A

d.HVAC systems

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22
Q

Which of the following should be indicated by a smoke control system control panel?

Select one:

a. When the system will turn off
b. Where the alarm originated
c. What initiated the fire
d. Who activated the alarm

A

b.Where the alarm originated

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23
Q

Opening doors or windows is an example of:

Select one:

a. hydraulic ventilation.
b. vertical ventilation.
c. mechanical ventilation.
d. natural ventilation.

A

d.natural ventilation.

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24
Q

Which statement about tactical ventilation is MOST accurate?

Select one:

a. Tactical ventilation should not begin until the incident is stabilized.
b. Tactical ventilation must be performed before fire attack.
c. Tactical ventilation can be combined with fire attack to stabilize an incident.
d. Tactical ventilation is implemented after the fire is confined.

A

c.Tactical ventilation can be combined with fire attack to stabilize an incident.

25
Q

The means of mechanical ventilation involve pulling the smoke and fire gases out through an opening and pushing ___ into the structure and displacing the smoke and fire gases.

Select one:

a. oxygen
b. a rotary saw
c. a roof hook
d. fresh air

A

d.fresh air

26
Q

Operating built-in smoke control systems in a high-rise or a shopping mall with open atria should be the responsibility of:

Select one:

a. only building engineers or maintenance superintendents.
b. only code enforcement officers.
c. any security officer on duty.
d. any firefighter on the scene.

A

a.only building engineers or maintenance superintendents.

27
Q

What type of cut is used to create a fire break that stops the spread of fire in common attic structures or large structures?

Select one:

a. Offensive cut
b. Vertical cut
c. Trench cut
d. Exhaust cut

A

c.Trench cut

28
Q

The effect or lack of effect of fire streams indicates the size and extent of the fire when observing:

Select one:

a. air flow.
b. heat.
c. smoke.
d. flame

A

d. flame

29
Q

Ensuring the only required openings for ventilation are made is the responsibility of the:

Select one:

a. roof ventilation team leader.
b. code enforcement officer.
c. attack team leader.
d. company officer.

A

a.roof ventilation team leader.

30
Q

Tactical ventilation reduces fire damage in structures and limits water damage because it:

Select one:

a. increases speed with which interior fires can be extinguished.
b. allows for the use of fire streams with lower pressures.
c. allows salvage operations to begin simultaneously with fire attack.
d. focuses on the use of foam to fight interior fires.

A

a.increases speed with which interior fires can be extinguished.

31
Q

Which type of ventilation requires no additional personnel or equipment to set up and maintain?

Select one:

a. Hydraulic
b. Natural horizontal
c. Vertical
d. Mechanical horizontal

A

b.Natural horizontal

32
Q

Which of the following is a reason that modern construction may tend to contain fires for longer periods of time?

Select one:

a. Increased fire load of decorative items
b. Smaller lot sizes
c. Use of real wood and granite finishings
d. Energy efficient designs

A

d.Energy efficient designs

33
Q

Which of the following is a reason for performing tactical ventilation?

Select one:

a. Reducing need for interior fire operations
b. Decrease costs of fireground operations
c. Reducing potential extreme fire behavior
d. Decreasing reliance on fire streams

A

c.Reducing potential extreme fire behavior

34
Q

In a structure fire, what part of the flow path is an open doorway?

Select one:

a. Upper vent
b. Lower vent
c. Inlet vent
d. Outlet vent

A

c.Inlet vent

35
Q

Basement fires can be challenging without effective ventilation because firefighters have to get to the seat of the fire:

Select one:

a. with a limited number of responding personnel.
b. without the necessary tools.
c. through intense rising heat and smoke.
d. without communication with the incident commander.

A

c.through intense rising heat and smoke.

36
Q

A small structure fire that requires ventilation consisting of opening doors and windows requires at minimum:

Select one:

a. two firefighters.
b. five firefighters.
c. four firefighters.
d. three firefighters.

A

a.two firefighters.

37
Q

What are the three incident priorities when performing tactical ventilation?

Select one:

a. Extinguishment, personnel safety, risk mitigation
b. Life safety, salvage operations, pumper management
c. Life safety, incident stabilization, property conservation
d. Resource management, life safety, extinguishment

A

c.Life safety, incident stabilization, property conservation

38
Q

Why may arched roofs prevent roof ladders from lying flat?

Select one:

a. Roof ladders too long.
b. Lack of curvature of the roof.
c. Roof ladders too curved.
d. Curvature of the roof.

A

d.Curvature of the roof.

39
Q

When performing tactical ventilation, the highest incident priority is:

Select one:

a. risk mitigation.
b. life safety.
c. incident stabilization.
d. extinguishment.

A

b.life safety.

40
Q

Once an exhaust opening has been created, it is important that the cone of air from the blower:

Select one:

a. completely covers the doorway opening.
b. blows away from the fire.
c. blows towards the fire.
d. completely blocks the doorway opening.

A

a.completely covers the doorway opening.

41
Q

Which of the following weather conditions has the most influence on ventilation operations?

Select one:

a. Wind
b. Atmospheric pressure
c. Precipitation
d. Temperature

A

a.Wind

42
Q

Incident stabilization means:

Select one:

a. reducing interior temperatures.
b. controlling and extinguishing the fire in stages.
c. increasing the number of smoke-free paths of egress.
d. increasing oxygen concentration.

A

b.controlling and extinguishing the fire in stages.

43
Q

Which characteristic of modern construction produces large quantities of toxic, combustible gases during a fire?

Select one:

a. Treated wood components
b. Use of plastics and other synthetic materials
c. Lightweight structural components
d. Energy efficient designs

A

b.Use of plastics and other synthetic materials

44
Q

Which of the following is a factor that reduces effectiveness of vertical ventilation?

Select one:

a. Improper location of the horizontal ventilation opening
b. Personnel working ahead of the fire
c. Fire streams directed into ventilation opening
d. Trench cuts too small

A

c.Fire streams directed into ventilation opening

45
Q

To perform hydraulic ventilation, a fog nozzle should be set on a wide fog pattern to cover what percent of the opening through which the smoke will be drawn or pulled?

Select one:

a. 15 to 20
b. 85 to 90
c. 55 to 60
d. 45 to 50

A

b.85 to 90

46
Q

Which of the following factors determines the initial severity and extent of a fire?

Select one:

a. Number of responding units
b. Activation of fire detection and suppression systems
c. Adjacent exposures
d. Availability of a water supply for suppression

A

b.Activation of fire detection and suppression systems

47
Q

Which of the following occurs to heated smoke and fire gases when they stop rising, become cooled to the temperature of the surrounding air, and spread horizontally?

Select one:

a. Stratify
b. Stabilization
c. Sounded
d. Solidify

A

a.Stratify

48
Q

Which fire behavior indicator provides visual indicators such as blistering paint or crazed glass?

Select one:

a. Heat
b. Smoke
c. Flame
d. Air flow

A

a.Heat

49
Q

Positive-pressure ventilation (PPV) exhaust openings vary with the size of the entry opening and the:

Select one:

a. number of compartments in the structure.
b. number of personnel on site.
c. capacity of the blower used.
d. capacity of hose lines.

A

c.capacity of the blower used.

50
Q

Combustibles adjacent to the ductwork of an HVAC system should be checked in case ___ has caused additional fires.

Select one:

a. conduction
b. circumvention
c. convection
d. concentration

A

a.conduction

51
Q

When the main body of the fire is too great to extinguish, and only after the offensive vertical ventilation opening has been made, a trench cut must be created ahead of the advancing fire by at least:

Select one:

a. 10 feet.
b. 30 feet.
c. 40 feet.
d. 20 feet.

A

b.30 feet.

52
Q

Which characteristic of modern single-family residential construction reduces firefighter access and increases potential exposure risks?

Select one:

a. Open floor plans
b. Larger structure sizes
c. Smaller lot sizes
d. Composite construction material

A

c.Smaller lot sizes

53
Q

When transporting a rotary saw or chain saw to or from the point of operation, it is safest to:

Select one:

a. carry it in its proper case.
b. turn it off.
c. move it up or down the ladder quickly.
d. turn it upright.

A

b.turn it off.

54
Q

An inspection hole should be cut before cutting any type of ventilation hole in the roof in an attic or cockloft fire to:

Select one:

a. determine at least two means of egress from the roof.
b. determine the fire location and direction of travel.
c. ensure minimal secondary damage.
d. ensure roof is safe.

A

b.determine the fire location and direction of travel.

55
Q

The automatic closure of doors, petitions, windows, and HVAC systems are methods of:

Select one:

a. evacuating occupants of the structure.
b. confining fire operations personnel.
c. verifying combustibles adjacent to the fire floor.
d. compartmentalizing a structure.

A

d.compartmentalizing a structure.

56
Q

Ventilation that causes heat, smoke, and fire to be discharged through wall openings below the highest point of the building creates danger because:

Select one:

a. oxygen levels will be increased for the upper levels of the fire.
b. fire streams will be unable to reach the higher levels of the fire.
c. multiple ventilation points will be created from the openings.
d. rising gases will ignite portions of the building above exhaust point.

A

d.rising gases will ignite portions of the building above exhaust point.

57
Q

Which of the following is a characteristic of older structure construction?

Select one:

a. Larger structure sizes
b. Smaller lot sizes
c. Windows that could be opened for ventilation
d. Wall cavities filled with synthetic insulation

A

c.Windows that could be opened for ventilation

58
Q

Cutting a hole in the roof above the fire or opening existing roof access doors, scuttles, or skylights are all examples of:

Select one:

a. horizontal ventilation.
b. vertical ventilation.
c. inlet ventilation.
d. outlet ventilation.

A

b.vertical ventilation.

Fire service (24 decks)

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