Chapter 4b-Name the philosopher Flashcards
List idealist thinkers.
Plato
Socrates
Immanuel Kant
Jane Roland Martin
427-347 BCE; idealism; student of Socrates; suggested that society should contain three classes of people: artisans, to do the manual work; soldiers, to defend the society; and philosophers, to advance knowledge and to rule the society
Plato
470-399 BCE; idealism; famous for creating socratic method; He was found guilty and given a choice between ending his teaching or being put to death, he chose death. “Knowledge is Virtue
Socrates
List realist thinkers.
Aristotle
Locke
Whitehead
Idealism; 1724-1804; noted that the only way humankind can know things is through the process of reason
Immanuel Kant
384-322 BCE; educational method was scientific, practical, and objective; believed that the quality of a society was determined by the quality of education found in that society
Aristotle
List pragmatist thinkers.
Peirce
Dewey
Rorty
1632–1704; believed in the tabula rasa (blank tablet) view of the mind
John Locke
1861–1947; also mathematician; believed the universe is characterized by patterns, and these patterns can be verified and analyzed through mathematics.
Alfred North Whitehead
1839–1914; Pragmatism; introduced the principle that belief is a habit of action undertaken to overcome indecisiveness
Charles S. Pierce
List existentialist thinkers.
Sartre
Nietzsche
Greene
1842–1910; Pragmatism; A pragmatist, not much mentioned.
William James
1859–1952; Pragmatism; related pragmatism to evolution by explaining that human beings are creatures who have to adapt to one another and to their environments
John Dewey
1905–1980; Existentialism; being comes before meaning; saw no difference between being free and being human
Jean-Paul Sartre
1844–1900; Existentialism; stressed the importance of the individuality of persons
Friedrich Nietzsche
