Chapter 3-Student-centered: Essentialism, Behaviorism, & Constructivism

Question 0

An educational philosophy that holds that there is a common core of information and skills that an educated person must have; schools should be organized to transmit this core of essential material.

teaching methods require formal discipline through emphasis on required reading, lectures, memorization, repetition, and examination.

stresses the disciplined development of basic skills rather than the idealist goals of uncovering essences or underlying principles.

Answer 0

essentialism

Question 1

(1) a core of information
(2) hard work and mental discipline
(3) teacher-centered instruction.
Are the three basic principles of

Answer 1

Essentialism

Question 2

Mr. Jackson’s second graders had just learned to count money. He decided to let them play several games of “musical envelopes.” Each student was given one envelope, with each envelope containing a different amount of paper “nickels,” “dimes,” “quarters,” and “pennies.” When the music stopped, students had to count the money in their envelopes. The one with the most money for each game got a special prize (Duck, 1981, p. 40).

-passive
the nature of the learner is passive because students are given very clear and direct instructions that do not permit individual approaches.

-structured
The nature of the subject matter is structured in that students are required to approach the task in a singular, specific, organized way.

-cognitive
The use of the subject matter is cognitive, and

-convergent
the thinking approach is convergent because there is little room for emotional involvement and there is only one correct answer for each envelope.

Answer 2

Essentialist

Question 3

A psychological theory and educational philosophy that asserts that behaviors represent the essence of a person and that all behaviors can be explained as responses to stimuli.

holds that one’s behavior is determined by environment, not heredity

It is closely linked to realism

Answer 3

behaviorism

Question 4

List behavorist.

Answer 4

B.F Skinner

Pavlov

Question 5

Students in Mr. Drucker’s civics class were given merit tokens for coming into the room quietly, sitting at their desks, preparing notebooks and pencils for the day’s lesson, and being ready to begin answering comprehension questions in their workbooks. On Fridays students were allowed to use their tokens at an auction to buy items that Mr. Drucker knew they wanted. Sometimes, however, students had to save tokens for more than two weeks to buy what they liked best (Duck, 1981, pp. 50–51).

Passive
In this behaviorist class activity, the nature of the learner is passive, in that students are carefully manipulated by providing responses to their behaviors that make students do what the teacher wants. 

Structured
The nature of the subject matter is structured in that the workbooks and comprehension questions are carefully focused and lead students step by step.

Affective
The use of the subject matter is affective (having to do with feelings) because the teacher attempts to provide merit tokens that relate to what students desire.

Convergent
The thinking approach is convergent in that the comprehension questions require one correct answer

Answer 5

Behaviorist