Chapter 4a - schools of philosophies and thinkers Flashcards
An area of philosophy that deals with questions about the nature of understanding and how we know things.
epistemology
An area of philosophy that deals with questions about the nature of ultimate reality.
metaphysics
An area of philosophy that deals with the nature of values. It includes questions such as “What is good?” and “What is value?”
axiology
A thinking strategy that focuses on questions of the what ‘seems’ to be type; includes abstractions, imagination, generalization, and logic.
analytic thinking
A thinking strategy that focuses on questions of the what ‘ought’ to be type; includes discernment, connection, tracking hypocrisy, and hope
prophetic thinking
It is a three-step process that moves thinking from singular concrete instances to more general, universal ideas that include:
(1) focusing attention on some feature within one’s experience,
(2) examining the precise characteristics of the feature, and
(3) remembering the feature and its characteristics later so as to apply them to other instances or combine them
Abstraction
A school of philosophy that considers ideas to be the only true reality.
idealism
List idealist thinkers (5)
Socrates
Plato
Kant
Martin
A school of philosophy that holds that reality, knowledge, and value exist independent of the human mind. In contrast to the idealist, it contends that physical entities exist in their own right.
realism
List realist thinkers (3)
Aristotle
Locke
Whitehead
A late-nineteenth-century U.S. school of philosophy that stresses becoming rather than being.
pragmatism
List pragmatist thinkers (3)
Peirce
Dewey
Rorty
A school of philosophy that focuses on the importance of the individual rather than on external standards.
existentialism
List existentialist thinkers (3)
Jean Paul Sartre
Friedrich Nietzsche
Maxine Greene
