Chapter 49 - Lewis

Question 1

dawn phenomenon

Answer 1

characterized by hyperglycemia that is present on awakening in the morning due to the release of counterregulatory hormones in the predawn hours.

Question 2

diabetes mellitus (DM)

Answer 2

a chronic multisystem disease related to abnormal insulin production, impaired insulin utilization, or both.

Question 3

diabetic ketoacidosis

Answer 3

a life-threatening condition resulting in metabolic acidosis.

Question 4

glycemic index (GI)

Answer 4

the term used to describe the rise in blood glucose levels for 2 hours after a person has consumed a carbohydrate-containing food.

Question 5

hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS)

Answer 5

a life threatening syndrome that can occur in the patient with diabetes who is able to produce enough insulin to prevent DKA but an extracellular fluid depletion.

Question 6

impaired fasting glucose (IFG)

Answer 6

a condition in which blood glucose levels when fasting are 100 mg/dL to 125 mg/dL

Question 7

impaired glucose tolerance (IGT)

Answer 7

the 2 hour glucose tolerance test (OGTT) values are 140 mg/dL to 199 mg/dL.

Question 8

insulin resistance

Answer 8

a condition in which body tissues do not respond to the action of insulin.

Question 9

intensive insulin therapy

Answer 9

which consists of multiple daily insulins (MDI) injections together with frequent self-monitoring of blood glucose. The goal is to achieve a near-normal glucose level of 80 to 120 mg/dL before meals.

Question 10

prediabetes

Answer 10

a condition where individuals are at an increased risk for developing diabetes. In this condition, blood glucose levels are high but no high enough to meet the diagnostic criteria for diabetes.

Question 11

somogyi effect

Answer 11

a rebound effect in which an overdose of insulin induces hypoglycemia. Usually occurring during the hours of sleep, the Somogyi effect produces a decline in blood glucose level in response to too much insulin.