Chapter 47 - Pain Flashcards
_______ cause inflammation when tissue injury occurs.
prostaglandins
What is pain threshold?
level of pain stimulation required to be percieved
What are the two major subtypes of pain?
- physiologic
- pathologic
What are the clinical manifestations of cancer-related pain?
- sympathetic nervous system activation
- behavoiural changes
What is pain expression?
way in which the pain experience is communicated to others
What are the 4 stages in the physiology of pain?
- transduction
- transmission
- perception
- modulation
_____ result from dysfunction of the brainstem areas involved with modulation of craniovascular afferent fibers
migraines
What are the clinical maifestations of headaches?
- unilateral throbbing
- nausea
- vomitting
- photophobia - fear of light
- phonophobia - fear of sound
- lacrimation - flow of tears
______ pain is percieved in an area other than side of injury
referred
What is radiculopathy?
pain due to spinal nerve injury
What are treatments for trigeminal neuralgia?
anticonvulsants, surgical nerve decompression and gamma radiosurgery
True or false: the etiology of fibromyalgia syndrome is known.
false - not known
What are emotional conditions that would open and close the gate?
open
- anxiety/worry
- tension
- depression
close
- positive emotions
- relaxation
- rest
What do substance P, glutamate, GABA, cholecystokinin, and calcitonin-gene related peptide have in common?
involved in synaptic transmission at spinal cord level
______ are useful for locating a source of neurologic pain
dermatomal maps
Clicker: A patient presenting with a severe pounding headache accompanied by nausea and photophobia is likely experiencing a ________ headache.
A) tension
B) migrane
C) sinus
D) chronic
B
What is radiculopathy?
pain located in the pattern of a dermatome that occurs with spinal nerve injury
Clicker: The _______ is the level of painful stimulation required to be percieved.
A) perception
B) tolerance
C) expression
D) threshold
D
What is the treatment for chronic pain?
pain clinic with multimodal therapies
What is pathologic pain?
pain occurs after tissue injury, but long-term changes occur in PNS and CNS via somatosensory pathways
True or false: glumate release stimulating the “wind up” phenomenon can lead to (acute/chronic) pain.
chronic
______ is associated with disordered mechanisms in the CNS.
fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS)
What are mental conditions that would open and close the gate?
open
- focusing on the pain
- boredom
close
- intense concentration or distraction
- involvement and interest in life activities
What is substantia gelatinosa?
is a collection of cells in the dorsal horns of the spinal cord that receives direct input from the dorsal (sensory) nerve roots, especially those fibers from pain and thermoreceptors

