Chapter 47- Motivation

Question 1

What is motivation?

Answer 1

A strong desire to act in a particular way and to achieve a certain result

Question 2

Definition of morale?

Answer 2

If morale in an individual group or team is high then there exists a spirit of confidence and purpose and vice versa

Question 3

Frederick Taylor’s theory?

Answer 3

Believed that a scientific approach could be used to motivate employees whatever tasks they were performing

Question 4

Elton mayo?

Answer 4

His conclusions pointed to the fact that physiological facts were also as important as teamwork, communication and an interest from management

Question 5

Process theories?

Answer 5

Deal with the process of motivation and are concerned with the issue of how motivation occurs

Question 6

Herzberg theory?

Answer 6

Factors such as interesting work, responsibility and the opportunity for self development proved to be motivating employees

Question 7

Maslow?

Answer 7

Self actualisation
Esteem
Social
Safety
Physiological

Question 8

Peter Druckers theory?

Answer 8

Believe that businesses should:

• Decentralise and delayer the business as much as possible to allow managers and employees to respond to customer demands asap
• take interest in employees and value their contribution to the organisation
• offer ongoing training to create and nurture workers

Question 9

Edwin Locke?

Answer 9

He stated that setting appropriate goals for employees can be a useful and powerful tool for motivation

Question 10

Principles to effective goal setting?

Answer 10

Clarity: Specific goals lead to more effective performance and outcomes

Challenge: goals need to be challenging to push employees

Feedback: Is essential so that progress can be gauged and id necessary the goal can be altered

Commitment: employees must have ownership of the goals if they are to motivate

Task complexity: employees must not feel out of their depth in what they need to achieve

Question 11

Tom peters?

Answer 11

Believed that acknowledging employee achievement and effort and also giving praise

Involving employees in decisions, giving employees a feeling of self worth

Encourage participation, giving employees responsibility and involvement

Offering continuous employment, giving employees a sense of security

Question 12

Conclusions of mayo’s theory?

Answer 12

• employees respond to changes in the working environment
• a sense of recognition and consultation is important for employees
• The work place is a social system, employee like to work in groups
• communication with management and group norms affect productivity

Question 13

Limitations of mayo’s theory?

Answer 13

• several variables were often changed at the same time and so identifying the exact cause of change in productivity is difficult
• Mayos work was conducted at one plant employees at one plant so is not necessarily applicable to all jobs

Question 14

David McClellan three needs theory?

Answer 14

Nach-the need for achievement

Naff- The need for affiliation

Npow- the need for power

Question 15

Victor Vrooms theory?

Answer 15

Theory is about the mental process an employee goes through when making a decision on a choice of action

Question 16

Aspects of Victor Vrooms theory?

Answer 16

Expectancy: weather or not the employee thinks they can complete the task, if they think they can’t motivation would be ranked near 0 but if they can near 1.

Valence: refers to the value that an employee puts on the reward of an offer