Chapter 47 : Eye And Ear Disorders Flashcards
What is fluorsecin?
A diagnostic stain that is a bright yellowish orange dye that we use to stain the tears of the eye to look for any abnormalities
What else do we use to see the strain?
Black lamp
When patients have contacts, they should take it out, however how long should it be until they put it back in?
1 hour
Before we use the stain, we normally use what?
And why?
A topical anesthetic
Because the stain can sting the injury
Corneal anesthetia achieved within ___seconds and last only about ___
15 seconds
15mins
How do you know the topical anesthetic is working?
If the patient is not blinking
Anti-infectives
Conjunctivitis
Blepharitis
Chalazion
Endophthalmitis
Hordeolum
Infectious keratitis
Infectious uveitis
What are your antiinflammatories for your eyes medication? (3)
Cyclosporine
Ophthalmic NSAIDS
( diclofenac, ketorolac)
Corticosteroids (prednisolone)
Cyclosporine is your immune suppressant
- though it can be used for specific eye conditions
Why might we use anti-allergy medications?
What is the downside of this
Antihistamines - treat the allergy
burning and staining are common short lived side effects
What is the medication of ophthalmic decongestant? (3)
Phenylephrine
Naphazoline
Tetrahydrozoline
What is ophthalmic decongestant contraindication?
Glaucoma
Why is lubricants used for?
Dry eyes
What is your prostaglandin analogues used for?
Used for glaucoma and ocular hypertension
What is your medication names for prostaglandins analogues?
Bimatoprost
Latanoprost
Tafluprost
Travoprost
What is your biggest side effect to know about prostaglandin analogues?
Changes iris color
What is cholinergic agents used for?
Medication?
Improve outflow of aqueous humor
Pilocarpine
Echothiophate
What are your 2 big cholinergic agents side effects?
Retinal detachment
Cardiac irregularities
What does beta blockers do for the eyes?
Side effects?
Reduce IOP by treating glaucoma
Eye discomfort, miosis, bronchoconstriction, bradycardia, heart failure
What’s something you wanna teach a patient about eye drops?
Block the lacrimal duct, tear duct, to side closest to their nose, when putting medications
And 1 min after the drop to help avoid systemic effects
Alpha adrenergic blocks side effects? (2)
Contraindications?
Corneal erosion
Dysrthymia
MAOI
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors side effects? (3)
Mainly watch out with people with?
Hyperuricemia
Paresthesia
Decreased appetite
Gout & seizures
What’s a baseline of glaucoma?
Baseline of vision
Never stop taking your glaucoma meds suddenly why?
Because they can end up with an ocular hypertension rebound
What are the 2 medications that will dilate pupils?
And why do we use these (2)
Mydriatics
Cycloplegics
Surgery & eye exams
Mydriatics & Cycloplegics side effects? (5)
Photophobia
Constipation
IOP
Respiratory depression
Muscle rigidity
What is your basic otitis media medications? (3)
Amoxicillin
Azithromycin
Clarithromycin
What are your basic otitis externa (swimmer ear)?
Neomycin
Polymyxcin B
Fluroquinolones
Usually drops
Otitis media
- take all the medications even if symptoms are gone
- weight and age of the child
What’s your problem with otitis external side effects? (4)
Ototoxicity
Bone marrow suppression
Burning & stinging
Superinfection
Odic drops are ?
Ophthalmic drops are ?
Ears
Eyes
To make sure the ear drops stay in the ear what do we use?
Wick
Normally with Otisis external
We like to do what?
Why?
Cultural
- bacterial or fungal
Practice question 1
The nurse is showing the parent of a 2-year old child how to administer ear drops. Which are the correct statements
Select all that apply
A. Pull down on auricle
B. Pull up on auricle
C. Position child head with affected ear up
D. Position child head with affected ear down
E. Warm the eardrop in the microwave prior to administration
A. Pull down on auricle
C. Position child head with affected ear up
Practice question 2
Pilocarpine has which action on the eye?
A. Miosis
B. Mydriasis
C. Ciliary muscle paralysis
D. Pupillary dilation
A. Miosis
Practice question 3
Which is the most common side effect / adverse reaction associated with prostaglandin analogues for the treatment of glaucoma ?
A. Hypokalemia
B. Renal calculi
C. Change color of iris
D. Postural hypotension
C. Change color of iris
