Chapter 47 Animal Behavior

Question 1

What kind of behavior is fully functional on first use?

Answer 1

Instinctive

Question 2

What kind of behavior is based on experience?

Answer 2

Learned

Question 3

Is singing alone instinctive in birds?

Answer 3

Yes

Question 4

Is the type of song a bird sings instinctive or learned?

Answer 4

Learned

Question 5

What is an example of instinctive behavior?

Answer 5

Fixed action patterns

Question 6

What are fixed action patterns?

Answer 6

Repeating the exact same action in response to a cue

Question 7

Are fixed action patterns genetic?

Answer 7

Yes

Question 8

How can fixed action patterns be modified?

Answer 8

Experience

Question 9

How can fixed action patterns be exploited?

Answer 9

By parasitic species replicating them.

Question 10

What are fixed action patterns triggered by?

Answer 10

Sign stimuli.

Question 11

Can behavioral differences be related to genetic differences?

Answer 11

Yes.

Question 12

What term refers to the process of experiences changing behavior?

Answer 12

Learning.

Question 13

What term refers to learning to recognize key stimuli related to a suitable mate or individuals of one’s own species?

Answer 13

Imprinting

Question 14

What term refers to the mental association between unrelated phenomena?

Answer 14

Classical conditioning.

Question 15

What is the learning that links voluntary operant with favorable reinforcement?

Answer 15

Operant Conditioning.

Question 16

What type of learning uses problem solving?

Answer 16

Insight Learning

Question 17

What term refers to the lack of response to a unimportant stimuli?

Answer 17

Habituation

Question 18

What are 5 different kinds of learned behavior?

Answer 18

Imprinting, classical conditioning, operant conditioning, insight learning, habituation.

Question 19

What is behavior dependent upon on a molecular level?

Answer 19

Physiological foundation of nerve cells.

Question 20

How can behavior be altered?

Answer 20

Experience.

Question 21

In birds, what are the bunch of cells that need to be stimulated for the bird to learn a song?

Answer 21

Nuclei

Question 22

What is the function of a zenk gene?

Answer 22

Regulates the Zenk enzyme.

Question 23

What are hormones?

Answer 23

Chemical signals that affect the performance of a behavior.

Question 24

What 2 things do hormones affect?

Answer 24

Neural development and stimulating endocrine cells to release more hormone.

Question 25

Why is the higher vocal center not developed in females?

Answer 25

Because of a lack of hormones.

Question 26

What is the main step in the change of behavior via hormones?

Answer 26

Hormones change gene activity of neurons resulting in behavioral change.

Question 27

What controls sexual development?

Answer 27

Hormones.

Question 28

Do octopamine and juvenile hormones both increases as a bee ages?

Answer 28

Yes.

Question 29

What is octopamine hormone responsible for?

Answer 29

Bee memory.

Question 30

What is juvenile hormone responsible for?

Answer 30

Bee doing different tasks.

Question 31

What hormone is responsible for making the African cichlid fish aggressive?

Answer 31

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone.

Question 32

Can behaviors result from anatomical structures in an animal's nervous system?

Answer 32

Yes (ex. reflexes)

Question 33

What kind of information is acquired in a disproportional amount by the sensory systems?

Answer 33

Information that will increases survival and reproduction.

Question 34

What kind of neurons are responsible for the cricket reflexes?

Answer 34

Motor neurons.

Question 35

What is an example of an organism whose brain anatomy is tied to its functional response to a stimuli?

Answer 35

Star-nosed mole.

Question 36

Between what two individuals does animal communication occur?

Answer 36

Signaller and reciever.

Question 37

What are the 5 basic kinds of animal signals?

Answer 37

Acoustical, electrical, chemical, visual, and tactile.

Question 38

What kinds of signals do bees use?

Answer 38

Tactile, acoustical, and chemical.

Question 39

What kind of dance do honeybees do if the food is less than 75m?

Answer 39

Round dance.

Question 40

What kind of dance to bees do if the food is more than 75m?

Answer 40

Waggle dance.

Question 41

In which kind of dance do bees indicate the direction of the food relative to the sun?

Answer 41

Waggle dance.

Question 42

What are the 3 reasons for communication?

Answer 42

Survival, prevent fights, and overwhelm territory holders.

Question 43

Can communication be somethings beside language?

Answer 43

Yes. Syntax and symbols.

Question 44

Give an example where syntax and symbols are both present.

Answer 44

Bee dance.

Question 45

Can signals be used as defensive behaviors?

Answer 45

Yes. (ex.vervet monkeys)

Question 46

What two factors can animals use to acquire a habitat?

Answer 46

Genetics and learning.

Question 47

What are 2 basic responses that enable an organism to find a suitable environment?

Answer 47

Kinesis and Taxis.

Question 48

What 2 factors push animals to find territories?

Answer 48

Limited resources and easily defended space.

Question 49

What is migration?

Answer 49

Animal traveling from birth place then returning.

Question 50

What 3 techniques do organisms use to migrate?

Answer 50

Piloting, compass orientation, and navigation.

Question 51

What is the simplest and most complex technique used for migration?

Answer 51

Piloting (simple) and navigation (complex)

Question 52

What is the a major component that allows organisms to use the sun as a compass?

Answer 52

Biological clock.

Question 53

What is a rare example of compass orientation?

Answer 53

Using magnetic fields.

Question 54

What signal do animals use to know when to migrate?

Answer 54

Day length.

Question 55

What is monogamy?

Answer 55

Male and female live together forever.

Question 56

What is polygamy?

Answer 56

More than one pair bond.

Question 57

What is polygyny?

Answer 57

One male and many females.

Question 58

What is polyandry?

Answer 58

One female and many males.

Question 59

What is promiscuity?

Answer 59

When males and females live only in duration that they are mating.

Question 60

Are mating strategies the same in male and females of species?

Answer 60

No. Usually different. (ex. sexual dimorphism and females picky).

Question 61

What kind of showman ship are males of birds involved in?

Answer 61

Courtship displays.

Question 62

What do the male traits tell the female of a species?

Answer 62

The quality of male.

Question 63

What is social behavior?

Answer 63

Organisms interacting with the members of their species.

Question 64

What is infanticide?

Answer 64

Killing of conspecific young?

Question 65

What are dominance hierarchies?

Answer 65

Social structures.

Question 66

In what 2 categories are animals in dominant hierarchies categorized into?

Answer 66

Alpha and subordinates.

Question 67

What is kin selection?

Answer 67

Increase close relatives fitness.

Question 68

Does reciprocal altruism take place between relatives?

Answer 68

No.

Question 69

What are eusocial animals?

Answer 69

Animals living in large colonies and are genetically identical.

Question 70

What does haplodiploidy mean?

Answer 70

Females are diploid and males are haploid.

Question 71

What percentage are haplodiploidy organisms related by?

Answer 71

75%.

Question 72

How many sets of chromosomes does a haploid male have in a eusocial colony?

Answer 72

1.

Question 73

Do humans have higher social intelligence compared to our ape relative?

Answer 73

Yes.