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biology > Chapter 47 Animal Behavior > Flashcards

Chapter 47 Animal Behavior Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards
1
Q

What kind of behavior is fully functional on first use?

A

Instinctive

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2
Q

What kind of behavior is based on experience?

A

Learned

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3
Q

Is singing alone instinctive in birds?

A

Yes

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4
Q

Is the type of song a bird sings instinctive or learned?

A

Learned

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5
Q

What is an example of instinctive behavior?

A

Fixed action patterns

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6
Q

What are fixed action patterns?

A

Repeating the exact same action in response to a cue

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7
Q

Are fixed action patterns genetic?

A

Yes

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8
Q

How can fixed action patterns be modified?

A

Experience

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9
Q

How can fixed action patterns be exploited?

A

By parasitic species replicating them.

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10
Q

What are fixed action patterns triggered by?

A

Sign stimuli.

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11
Q

Can behavioral differences be related to genetic differences?

A

Yes.

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12
Q

What term refers to the process of experiences changing behavior?

A

Learning.

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13
Q

What term refers to learning to recognize key stimuli related to a suitable mate or individuals of one’s own species?

A

Imprinting

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14
Q

What term refers to the mental association between unrelated phenomena?

A

Classical conditioning.

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15
Q

What is the learning that links voluntary operant with favorable reinforcement?

A

Operant Conditioning.

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16
Q

What type of learning uses problem solving?

A

Insight Learning

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17
Q

What term refers to the lack of response to a unimportant stimuli?

A

Habituation

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18
Q

What are 5 different kinds of learned behavior?

A

Imprinting, classical conditioning, operant conditioning, insight learning, habituation.

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19
Q

What is behavior dependent upon on a molecular level?

A

Physiological foundation of nerve cells.

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20
Q

How can behavior be altered?

A

Experience.

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21
Q

In birds, what are the bunch of cells that need to be stimulated for the bird to learn a song?

A

Nuclei

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22
Q

What is the function of a zenk gene?

A

Regulates the Zenk enzyme.

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23
Q

What are hormones?

A

Chemical signals that affect the performance of a behavior.

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24
Q

What 2 things do hormones affect?

A

Neural development and stimulating endocrine cells to release more hormone.

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25
Q

Why is the higher vocal center not developed in females?

A

Because of a lack of hormones.

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26
Q

What is the main step in the change of behavior via hormones?

A

Hormones change gene activity of neurons resulting in behavioral change.

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27
Q

What controls sexual development?

A

Hormones.

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28
Q

Do octopamine and juvenile hormones both increases as a bee ages?

A

Yes.

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29
Q

What is octopamine hormone responsible for?

A

Bee memory.

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30
Q

What is juvenile hormone responsible for?

A

Bee doing different tasks.

31
Q

What hormone is responsible for making the African cichlid fish aggressive?

A

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone.

32
Q

Can behaviors result from anatomical structures in an animal’s nervous system?

A

Yes (ex. reflexes)

33
Q

What kind of information is acquired in a disproportional amount by the sensory systems?

A

Information that will increases survival and reproduction.

34
Q

What kind of neurons are responsible for the cricket reflexes?

A

Motor neurons.

35
Q

What is an example of an organism whose brain anatomy is tied to its functional response to a stimuli?

A

Star-nosed mole.

36
Q

Between what two individuals does animal communication occur?

A

Signaller and reciever.

37
Q

What are the 5 basic kinds of animal signals?

A

Acoustical, electrical, chemical, visual, and tactile.

38
Q

What kinds of signals do bees use?

A

Tactile, acoustical, and chemical.

39
Q

What kind of dance do honeybees do if the food is less than 75m?

A

Round dance.

40
Q

What kind of dance to bees do if the food is more than 75m?

A

Waggle dance.

41
Q

In which kind of dance do bees indicate the direction of the food relative to the sun?

A

Waggle dance.

42
Q

What are the 3 reasons for communication?

A

Survival, prevent fights, and overwhelm territory holders.

43
Q

Can communication be somethings beside language?

A

Yes. Syntax and symbols.

44
Q

Give an example where syntax and symbols are both present.

A

Bee dance.

45
Q

Can signals be used as defensive behaviors?

A

Yes. (ex.vervet monkeys)

46
Q

What two factors can animals use to acquire a habitat?

A

Genetics and learning.

47
Q

What are 2 basic responses that enable an organism to find a suitable environment?

A

Kinesis and Taxis.

48
Q

What 2 factors push animals to find territories?

A

Limited resources and easily defended space.

49
Q

What is migration?

A

Animal traveling from birth place then returning.

50
Q

What 3 techniques do organisms use to migrate?

A

Piloting, compass orientation, and navigation.

51
Q

What is the simplest and most complex technique used for migration?

A

Piloting (simple) and navigation (complex)

52
Q

What is the a major component that allows organisms to use the sun as a compass?

A

Biological clock.

53
Q

What is a rare example of compass orientation?

A

Using magnetic fields.

54
Q

What signal do animals use to know when to migrate?

A

Day length.

55
Q

What is monogamy?

A

Male and female live together forever.

56
Q

What is polygamy?

A

More than one pair bond.

57
Q

What is polygyny?

A

One male and many females.

58
Q

What is polyandry?

A

One female and many males.

59
Q

What is promiscuity?

A

When males and females live only in duration that they are mating.

60
Q

Are mating strategies the same in male and females of species?

A

No. Usually different. (ex. sexual dimorphism and females picky).

61
Q

What kind of showman ship are males of birds involved in?

A

Courtship displays.

62
Q

What do the male traits tell the female of a species?

A

The quality of male.

63
Q

What is social behavior?

A

Organisms interacting with the members of their species.

64
Q

What is infanticide?

A

Killing of conspecific young?

65
Q

What are dominance hierarchies?

A

Social structures.

66
Q

In what 2 categories are animals in dominant hierarchies categorized into?

A

Alpha and subordinates.

67
Q

What is kin selection?

A

Increase close relatives fitness.

68
Q

Does reciprocal altruism take place between relatives?

A

No.

69
Q

What are eusocial animals?

A

Animals living in large colonies and are genetically identical.

70
Q

What does haplodiploidy mean?

A

Females are diploid and males are haploid.

71
Q

What percentage are haplodiploidy organisms related by?

A

75%.

72
Q

How many sets of chromosomes does a haploid male have in a eusocial colony?

A

1.

73
Q

Do humans have higher social intelligence compared to our ape relative?

A

Yes.

biology (6 decks)

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