Chapter 46 Definitions SLO 2.3

Question 1

Aerobic

Answer 1

Requiring oxygen for the maintenance of life. (p. 754)

Question 2

Antitubercular drugs

Answer 2

Drugs used to treat infections caused by

Mycobacterium bacterial species. (p. 754)

Question 3

Bacillus

Answer 3

A rod-shaped bacterium. (p. 754)

Question 4

Granulomas

Answer 4

Small nodular aggregations of inflammatory cells (e.g., macrophages, lymphocytes); usually characterized by clearly delimited boundaries, as found in tuberculosis. (p. 753)

Question 5

Interferon gamma release assays (IGRAs)

Answer 5

Surrogate markers of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection; indicate a cellular immune response to M. tuberculosis. (p. 754)

Question 6

Isoniazid

Answer 6

The primary and most commonly prescribed antitubercular drug. (p. 755)

Question 7

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB)

Answer 7

Tuberculosis that demonstrates resistance to two or more drugs. (p. 764)

Question 8

Slow acetylator

Answer 8

An individual with a genetic defect that causes a deficiency in the enzyme needed to metabolize isoniazid, the most widely used tuberculosis drug. (p. 758)

Question 9

Tubercle bacilli

Answer 9

Another common name for rod-shaped tuberculosis bacteria; essentially synonymous with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. These are small, round, grey translucent granulomatous lesions, usually with a caseated (cheesy) consistency in their interior. (See granulomas.) (p. 754)

Question 10

Tuberculosis (TB)

Answer 10

Any infectious disease caused by species of Mycobacterium, usually Mycobacterium tuberculosis (adjectives: tuberculous, tubercular). (p. 753)