Chapter 19 SLO 4.5

Question 1

Adrenergic agonists

Answer 1

Drugs that stimulate and mimic the actions of the sympathetic nervous system; also called sympathomimetics. (p. 326)

Question 2

Adrenergic receptors

Answer 2

Receptor sites for the sympathetic neurotransmitters norepinephrine and epinephrine. (p. 326)

Question 3

Alpha-adrenergic receptors

Answer 3

A class of adrenergic receptors that is further subdivided into alpha1- and alpha2-receptors; alpha1- and alpha2-receptors exist postsynaptically, and alpha2-receptors also exist presynaptically. Both types are differentiated by their anatomical location in the muscles, other tissues, and organs regulated by specific autonomic nerve fibres. (p. 326)

Question 4

Autonomic functions

Answer 4

Bodily functions that are involuntary and result from the physiological activity of the autonomic nervous system. The functions often occur in pairs of opposing actions between the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system. (p. 326)

Question 5

Autonomic nervous system

Answer 5

A branch of the peripheral nervous system that controls autonomic bodily functions; consists of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. (p. 326)

Question 6

Beta-adrenergic receptors

Answer 6

A class of adrenergic receptors that is further subdivided into beta1- and beta2-receptors; located on postsynaptic cells that are stimulated by specific autonomic nerve fibres; beta1-adrenergic receptors are located primarily in the heart, whereas beta2-adrenergic receptors are located in the smooth muscle fibres of the bronchioles, arterioles, and visceral organs. (p. 326)

Question 7

Catecholamines

Answer 7

Substances that can produce a sympathomimetic response; either endogenous catecholamines (such as epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine) or synthetic catecholamine drugs (such as dobutamine). (p. 326)

Question 8

Dopaminergic receptor

Answer 8

A third type of adrenergic receptor (in addition to alpha-adrenergic and beta-adrenergic receptors); located in various tissues and organs and activated by the binding of the neurotransmitter dopamine, which can be either endogenous or a synthetic drug form. (p. 326)

Question 9

Mydriasis

Answer 9

Pupillary dilation, whether natural (physiological) or drug induced. (p. 329)

Question 10

Ophthalmics

Answer 10

Drugs that are used in the eye. (p. 329)

Question 11

Positive chronotropic effect

Answer 11

An increase in heart rate.

p. 329

Question 12

Positive dromotropic effect

Answer 12

An increase in the conduction of cardiac electrical impulses through the atrioventricular node, which results in the transfer of nerve action potentials from the atria to the ventricles; ultimately leads to a systolic heartbeat (ventricular contractions). (p. 329)

Question 13

Positive inotropic effect

Answer 13

An increase in the force of contraction of the heart muscle (myocardium). (p. 329)

Question 14

Sympathomimetics

Answer 14

Drugs used therapeutically that mimic the catecholamines epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine; also called adrenergic agonists. (p. 326)

Question 15

Synaptic cleft

Answer 15

The space between either two adjacent nerve cell membranes or a nerve cell membrane and an effector organ cell membrane (also called a synapse). This space is bordered by the presynaptic cleft, from
which neurotransmitters are generally released, and the postsynaptic cleft, on which neurotransmitters generally act. (p. 327)