Chapter 13 SLO 4.3 & 4.9 Flashcards

1
Q

Barbiturates

A

A class of drugs that are chemical derivatives of barbituric acid. They are used to induce sedation. (p. 218)

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2
Q

Benzodiazepines

A

A chemical category of drugs most frequently prescribed as anxiolytic drugs and less frequently as sedative–hypnotic agents. (p. 215)

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3
Q

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

A

The primary inhibitory neurotransmitter found in the brain. A key compound affected by sedative, anxiolytic, psychotropic, and muscle- relaxing medications. (p. 216)

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4
Q

Hypnotics

A

Drugs that, when given at low to moderate doses, calm or soothe the central nervous system (CNS) without inducing sleep but when given at high doses cause sleep. (p. 215)

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5
Q

Non–rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep

A

The largest portion of the sleep cycle. It has four stages and precedes REM sleep. Most of a normal sleep cycle consists of non-REM sleep. (p. 215)

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6
Q

Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep

A

One of the stages of the sleep cycle. Some of the characteristics of REM sleep are rapid movement of the eyes, vivid dreams, and irregular breathing. (p. 215)

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7
Q

REM interference

A

A drug-induced reduction of REM sleep time. (p. 215)

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8
Q

REM rebound

A

Excessive REM sleep following discontinuation of a sleep-altering drug. (p. 215)

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9
Q

Sedatives

A

Drugs that have an inhibitory effect on the CNS to the degree that they reduce nervousness, excitability, and irritability without causing sleep. (p. 215)

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10
Q

Sedative–hypnotics

A

Drugs that can act in the body either as sedatives or hypnotics. (p. 215)

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11
Q

Sleep

A

A transient, reversible, and periodic state of rest in which there is a decrease in physical activity and consciousness. (p. 215)

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12
Q

Sleep architecture

A

The structure of the various elements involved in the sleep cycle, including normal and abnormal patterns of sleep. (p. 215)

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13
Q

Therapeutic index

A

The ratio between the toxic and therapeutic concentrations of a drug. If the index is low, the difference between the therapeutic and toxic drug concentrations is small, and use of the drug is more hazardous. (p. 218)

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