Chapter 13 SLO 4.3 & 4.9 Flashcards
Barbiturates
A class of drugs that are chemical derivatives of barbituric acid. They are used to induce sedation. (p. 218)
Benzodiazepines
A chemical category of drugs most frequently prescribed as anxiolytic drugs and less frequently as sedative–hypnotic agents. (p. 215)
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
The primary inhibitory neurotransmitter found in the brain. A key compound affected by sedative, anxiolytic, psychotropic, and muscle- relaxing medications. (p. 216)
Hypnotics
Drugs that, when given at low to moderate doses, calm or soothe the central nervous system (CNS) without inducing sleep but when given at high doses cause sleep. (p. 215)
Non–rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep
The largest portion of the sleep cycle. It has four stages and precedes REM sleep. Most of a normal sleep cycle consists of non-REM sleep. (p. 215)
Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep
One of the stages of the sleep cycle. Some of the characteristics of REM sleep are rapid movement of the eyes, vivid dreams, and irregular breathing. (p. 215)
REM interference
A drug-induced reduction of REM sleep time. (p. 215)
REM rebound
Excessive REM sleep following discontinuation of a sleep-altering drug. (p. 215)
Sedatives
Drugs that have an inhibitory effect on the CNS to the degree that they reduce nervousness, excitability, and irritability without causing sleep. (p. 215)
Sedative–hypnotics
Drugs that can act in the body either as sedatives or hypnotics. (p. 215)
Sleep
A transient, reversible, and periodic state of rest in which there is a decrease in physical activity and consciousness. (p. 215)
Sleep architecture
The structure of the various elements involved in the sleep cycle, including normal and abnormal patterns of sleep. (p. 215)
Therapeutic index
The ratio between the toxic and therapeutic concentrations of a drug. If the index is low, the difference between the therapeutic and toxic drug concentrations is small, and use of the drug is more hazardous. (p. 218)
