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Abrams clinical drug therapy > CHAPTER 46-48 > Flashcards

CHAPTER 46-48 Flashcards

1
Q

Brain and spinal cord are what nervous system?

A

Central nervous system (CNS)

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2
Q

Neurons outside the brain, spinal nerves, and peripheral nerves are what nervous system?

A

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

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3
Q

Nervous that makes muscles work

A

Somatic nerves

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4
Q

Nerves leaving the peripheral nervous system are (Efferent or Afferent) these would be leaving the____ or ____

A

Efferent

Spinal cord or ganglia

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5
Q

What system keeps you breathing

A

Autonomic system

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6
Q

Sympathetic system is adrenergic it is flight or fight

A

Adrenergic

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7
Q

Parasympathetic is___

It’s transmitter is____

A

Cholinergic

Acetylcholine

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8
Q

What keeps people small, so that a person can see close-up

A

Parasympathetic

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9
Q

Fight or flight is controlled by

A

Sympathetic

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10
Q

Parasympathetic is___

Can either be____

A

Vegetative, bowel and bladder.

Stimulated or blocked

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11
Q

What blocks or stops The parasympathetic

A

Anticholerginc

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12
Q

What are specific for certain drugs or circulating hormones, catecholamines, or enzymes

A

Receptors

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13
Q

What chemical substance carries messages from one neuron to another

A

NeuroTransmitters

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14
Q

Neurotransmitters ____& stored in____terminals And are released in response to______

A

Synthesize.

Presynaptic nerve. Electric impulses

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15
Q

Neurotransmitters bind to____in ____.

They will_____or____ ____

A

Receptors.
Cell membrane.
Excite or inhibit.
Postsynaptic neurons

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16
Q

Microscopic gap that separates neurons in a chain; location where where transmitters released and removal occurs. Or set the signal. This occurs by? Which is the most?

A

Synapsis.
Electric or chemical.
Chemical communicate with other neurons or target cells

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17
Q

Receptors are ____ located where____
They are affected by changes in ____
These are constantly being_____

A

Proteins. Cell membrane.
Synaptic activity.
Synthesized or degraded

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18
Q

PNS functions are described as___(3)
This also includes (4)
75% of of PNS nerve fibers are located in the

A

Resting, repaired, or vegetative
Digestion, excretion, cardiac deceleration, near vision
Vagus nerve

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19
Q

What drugs stimulate the parasympathetic__

What two diseases are these used for? What are unpleasant effects from these drugs?

A

Cholergenic
Myasthenia gravis & Alzheimer’s disease
Go to the bathroom a lot and G.I. movement a lot.

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20
Q

Acetylcholine is released from___

In the brain, its role is (3)

A

Brain.

Cognitive function, memory storage, and retrieval

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21
Q

Acetylcholine’s role in the gut promotes

Urinary

A

Secretory motor activity-increased secretions more diarrhea

Muscle contraction or relaxation to facilitate urination.

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22
Q

Chlorogenic drugs contradictions because they will (increase or decrease )contractility of (smooth muscle or skeletal) muscle they are contradicted in what (4)

A

Increase smooth muscle
Urinary board G.I. tract obstruction. Asthma. Inflammatory disease. Inflammatory abdominal conditions, recent bowel surgery

23
Q

If a person has coronary artery disease and taking a Cholinergenic drug what would happen

A

Muscles in the arteries and heart would tighten making the heartbeat harder with higher blood pressure

24
Q

If a person is taking a: energetic drug and they had G.I. tract or urinary obstruction what could happen?

A

Rupture

25
Q

Why would a person with a asthma or peptic ulcer disease not be given a cholinergic drug

A

Bronchioles are smooth muscle-they would be tightened making it harder to breathe.
Cholinergic drug causes mor secretions thus more acid

26
Q

What 3 things did she mention that cholinergic drugs should not be used for that she did not give examples for

A

Inflammatory abdominal conditions, recent bowel surgery, hyperthyroidism

27
Q

Why would a woman that is pregnant not be given a cholinergic drugs?

A

The uterine is smooth muscle

it would cause contractions and cause a miscarriage

28
Q

What drug is given for Myasthenia gravis?
What is given for excess dosing and produces a____
What is given for maximum benefit?
What will reduce the risk of gastric distress, alterations?

A

Neostigmine (Prostigmin)
Atropine
Titration
Taken with food/milk

29
Q

neostigmine (Prostigmin) is used in ___ . The disease causes____

A

Myasthenia gravis. Auto immune disease

Decreased number of receptors

30
Q

The drug for myasthenia gravis Will cause

A

More acetylcholine to reach the receptors that are locked

31
Q

____Works like neostigmine.
It is more or last common
Longer or shorter acting
Why are these drugs important?

A

Pyridostigmine (Mestinon)
More
Longer
Causes acetylcholine To stay inthe synapse longer and attach to the few receptors that are left

32
Q

Myasthenia gravis causes a ____number of receptors

A

Decreased

33
Q

What drug is used for Alzheimer’s disease. The goal is to.
When should this be taken
And how

A

donepizil (Aricept)
Slow down memory and cognition loss. Delay onset.
ON TIME
With a meal

34
Q

Name of the drugs for Alzheimer’s and myasthenia gravis?
Where do they work at?
T or F, only in the parasympathetic

A

ALZ- donepezil (Aricept) and MG- neostigmine (Prostigmin)
n the synapse inhibiting acetylcholinesterase
False, Both receptors in the sympathetic and parasympathetic

35
Q

Levodopa/carbidopa (Sinemet) Drug is for what disease? What two other drugs are with this

A

Parkinson’s disease.
Anticholinegic
Dopaminergic

36
Q

Parkinson’s disease is the result of ___ ___ in the ___ ___ In the brain.
What causes imbalance?

A

Imbalanced Neurotransmitters
Basal ganglia
Decreased dopamine and increased acetylcholine

37
Q

What are the initial symptoms of Parkinson’s disease And called

A

Resting tremors begins in finger and thumb pill rolling

38
Q

Common symptoms of Parkinson’s disease

A

Bradykinesia, inability to move, rigid lambs, shuffling gait, stooped posture, mask like facial expression, and soft speaking voice

39
Q

Less common symptoms

A

Depression, personality changes, loss of appetite, sleep disturbances, speech impairment, sexual difficulty

40
Q

Why would a person with Parkinson’s drool and have stomach problems?
T or F It is not Parkinson’s disease that causes rigidity to make their muscles freeze

A

Parasympathetic nervous system is working too much.

False, Causes rigidity, freezes muscles

41
Q

What type of drug is used for Parkinson’s disease?

How does it work?

A

Anticholinergic

Correct neurotransmitter imbalence

42
Q

_____ drug helps Parkinson’s disease By increasing levels of___ with___
Inhibiting actions of___with____

A

Levodopa/carbidopa
Dopamine. Dopaminergic
Acetylcholine. Anti cholinergics

43
Q

The drug for Parkinson’s she called

A

Gold standard.

44
Q

Ldopa Increases or decreases the ability of ____because it increases or decreases the precursor from which it is synthesized

A

Increase
Dopamine
Increases dopamine

45
Q

____is put in with L-dopa because it prevents L-dopa from being ___ by the ___and the ___takes the rest. This is part of the absorption and then___

A 
Carbidopa
Inactivated
Stomach
Live
Distribution
46
Q

Dopaminergic Indications for use (21/2)

Dopaminergic’s are on which receptors

A

Idiopathic Parkinson’s
Secondary Parkinson’s
Aka extrapyramidal reaction
Post synaptic dopamine receptors

47
Q

Dopaminergic contraindications to use

First 3 lines

A

Sensitivity to meds
Narrow angle glaucoma, depression
May activate malignant melanoma

48
Q

Dopaminergic’s contradictions last 3 lines

A

Hypersensitivity crisis, peptic ulcer disease. Severe cardiovascular, Pulmonary, Renal, hepatic, or endocrine disorders

49
Q

Will levodopa always have the same effect

A

No, eventually it doesn’t work as well

50
Q

Aticholinergics are ____active (penetrate_____) are ____useful in Parkinsonism

A

Centrally
Blood-brain barrier
ONLY

51
Q

Anticholinergics
Mechanism of action.
Indications for use

A

-Decrease effects of acetylcholine.
-Idiopathic parkinsonism.
Decreases salivation, specificity, and tremors

52
Q

Anticholinergics are used in people with ___ symptoms
Relieve symptoms of _____
Good effect or no effect for bradyknesia

A

Minimal
Extrapyramidal reactions
No effect

53
Q

Anticholinergics are for people ____ of ldopa

Used in___ therapy

A

Intolerant

Combination

Abrams clinical drug therapy (6 decks)

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