Chapter 1introduction Flashcards
Process that may involve manipulating ____ and _____and recombining genes into hybrid molecules that can be inserted into living organisms (_____) and repeatedly reproduced
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA), (Often Escherichia coli bacteria)
Manufacturers chosen me for a drug, which is protected by a patent
Brand (trade) name
____ are Drugs that are categorized by federal law according to therapeutic usefulness and potential for abuse; also known as
Controlled substances.
Scheduled drugs
____ Groups of medications that are classified according to their effects particular body systems, their therapeutic uses, and their chemical characteristics
Drug classifications
Drugs are classified according to their (3)
1) Effect of particular body system
2) Therapeutic uses.
3) Chemical characteristics
Chemical or official name of the drug that is independent of the manufacture and often indicates the drug group
Generic name
Medications available for purchase without prescription
Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs
Cost of drug therapy, including cost of purchasing, dispensing, storage, administration, and laboratory and other test used to monitor patient responses; also considers losses due to expiration
Pharmacoeconomics
Use of drugs to prevent, diagnose, or treat signs, symptoms, and disease processes
Pharmacotherapy
Inert substance containing no medication and given to reinforce a person’s expectation to improve
Placebo
Medications that are ordered in writing by a licensed healthcare provider
Prescription drugs
Often the first drug of a particular drug class to be developed; usually the standard against which newer, similar drugs are compared
Prototype
How many categories are there of controlled substances
5
Scheduled 1 Drugs that have_____, lack of, ___and have high ___
No accepted medical use.
Accepted safety
Abuse potential
Examples of scheduled one drugs
Heroin, lysergic acid diethyamide (LSD), Mehtaqualone (Quaalude), 3,4 methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA or ecstasy), mescaline, peyote, tetrahydrocannabinol
Scheduled two drugs are
Used medically and have a high abuse potential
Examples of schedule 2 drugs are
Opioid analgesics (e.g., codeine and hydromorphone, methadone, Meperine, morphine, Oxycodine), CNS stimulants (cocaine, methamphetamine, methylphenidate), and barbiturate sedativehypnotics (amobarbital, pentobarbital, secobarbital)
Opioid analgesics
Ex. (6)
Scheduled class?
Codeine, hydromorphone, methadone, meperidine, morphine, oxycodone
Schedule 1
Central nervous system stimulant.
Example. (3)
Scheduled class?
Cocaine, Methamphetamine, methylphenidate Scheduled class 11
Scheduled three drugs have ___ than scheduled I and II, but abuse may___.
Have these drugs and substances and accepted into medical use in the United States?
Less potential for abuse
Made lead to psychological or physical dependence.
Yes
Examples of schedule 3 drugs are:
Androgens and anabolic steroids, some depressants, some CNS stimulants, mixtures containing small amounts of controlled substances.
Ketamine, pentobarbital, zolazepam Are examples of?
Scheduled drug?
Depressants.
Scheduled III
Benzphetamine and chlorphentermine Are examples of?
Scheduled?
CNS stimulants.
Scheduled III
Codeine, barbiturates not listed in other schedules are examples of?
Schedule
Mixtures containing small amounts of controlled substances.
Schedule III
Scheduled IV drugs with an______ In the United States but with_____
Accepted medical use
Some potential for abuse
Examples of scheduled IV drugs are___
Benzodiazepines, Other sedative hypnotic, some prescription appetite suppressant
Diazepam, lorazepam, temazepam Are examples of?
Schedule class?
Benzodiazepines
Schedule IV
Phenobarbital chloral hydrate Are examples of?
Schedule
Sedative hypnotics.
Schedule IV
Mazindol, Phentermine Are examples of?
Schedule.
Prescription appetite suppressants
Schedule IV
Schedule 5 products containe___. They may be dispensed by the______ But with some restrictions regarding____
Moderate amounts of controlled substances.
Pharmacist without a physician’s prescription
Amount, record keeping, and other safeguards
Cough ___ containing small amounts of ____ and ____ drugs, such as___ and
Suppressants
Codeine and antidiarrheal.
Diphenoxylate and atropine (Lomotil)
Aspirin and ibuprofen are considered
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Oseltamivir (_____) is
Antiflu drug
A status ___ indicates a new drug reviewed on a priority basis with ___ Therapeutic advantages over drugs already available
1P,
Some
A status of __ indicates standard review and drugs with ___ therapeutic advantages (ex. The new drug is_____drugs currently on the market)
1S
Few if any
Similar to One or more
The 10 rights of medication administration?
- Right drug. 2. Right dose. 3. Right patient. 4. Right route. 5. Right time. 6. Right reason. 7. Right documentation. 8. Right education. 9. Right evaluation. 10. Right to refuse medication
QSEN Safety alert! Five strategies to reduce air during medication administration
1) Quiet zone to prepare. 2) Quite zone signs at medication rooms. 3) Follow protocols and checkless. 4) Clothing worn to avoid Interruptions. 5) Education to reduce interruptions
Morphine is a prototype of
Opioid analgesics
Drugs that relieve pain without loss of consciousness are
Analgesics
Drug therapy or pharmacotherapy is the use of drugs
To prevent, diagnose, or treat signs, symptoms, and disease processes.
Drugs given for therapeutic purposes are called
Medication
Drugs may be given for ___ or ___ effects; most are given for___ effects
Local.
Systemic.
Systemic
Example of a group of drugs, often the first one of the group to be developed
Prototype
____Determined by manufacturers; ____are independent of manufactures
Tradename. Generic names
____Are categorized according to therapeutic usefulness and potential for abuse
Controlled drugs
____Charting, ____drug dispensing systems, and ___medication administration require enhanced nursing skills to manage administration of drugs in the clinical setting.
Controlled.
Automated.
Barcode
Seven rights of medication administration
Right drug, right dose, right patient, right Route, right time, right reason, right documentation
What can prevent or reduce environmental effects of medication errors
Air-reduction strategies
