Chapter 46

Question 1

bands of fibrous connective tissue that attache muscle to bone

Answer 1

Tendons

Question 2

clot

Answer 2

Thrombus

Question 3

a safety device that helps to support hips and legs so that the femur does not rotate outward

Answer 3

Trochanter roll

Question 4

the obstruction of proper urine flow through the urinary system, resulting from multiple factors, including nerve damage, kidney stones, and prostate enlargement

Answer 4

Urinary stasis

Question 5

the type and amount of exercise or work that a person is able to preform without undue exertion or possibly injury

Answer 5

Activity tolerance

Question 6

measures of height, weight, and skin fold thickness

Answer 6

Anthropometric measurements

Question 7

collapse of alveoli (small air sacs in the lungs)

Answer 7

Atelectasis

Question 8

an intervention that restricts the patients to bed for therapeutic reasons

Answer 8

Bed rest

Question 9

analogous and refer to the positioning of the joints, tendons, ligaments, and muscles while standing, sitting and lying (posture)

Answer 9

Body alignment

Question 10

a term used to describe the ways we move as we go about our daily lives.

Answer 10

Body mechanics

Question 11

(percussion and positioning) is an effective method for preventing stasis of pulmonary secretions

Answer 11

Chest physiotherapy (CPT)

Question 12

the tendency of cells and tissue to reduce in size and function in response to prolonged inactivity resulting from bed rest, trauma, casting of a body part, or local nerve damage

Answer 12

Disease atrophy

Question 13

a dislodged venus thrombus

Answer 13

Embolus

Question 14

a state of bone loss due to local skeletal unloading or systemic immobilization

Answer 14

Disuse osteoporosis

Question 15

friction-reducing transfer sheets and full-body slings

Answer 15

Ergonomic assistive devices

Question 16

physical activity for conditioning the body, improving health and maintaining fitness

Answer 16

Exercise

Question 17

the inability to dorsiflex and evert the foot because perineal nerve damage

Answer 17

Footdrop

Question 18

a force that occurs in a direction opposing movement. The greater the surface area of the object to be moved the greater the _________.

Answer 18

Friction

Question 19

line through the axis of the body, separating the body into equal halves (left and right)
Sagittal plan (any plane parallel to the medial plane

Answer 19

Medial plane

Question 20

Frontal plane - passes through the body from side to side and divides the body into front and back

Answer 20

Frontal plane

Question 21

horizontal line that divides the body into upper and lower portions

Answer 21

Transverse plane

Question 22

The force exerted agains the skin while the skin remains stationary and the body structures move

Answer 22

Shear

Question 23

activities that are necessary to be independent in society beyond eating, grooming, transferring and toileting.

Answer 23

Instrumental activities of daily living (IADLSs)

Question 24

abnormal and possibly permanent condition characterized by fixation of a joint

Answer 24

Joint contracture

Question 25

structures, or articulations, that connect two or more adjacent parts of the skeleton to facilitate movement

Answer 25

Joints

Question 26

a drop in blood pressure greater than 20 mm Hg in systolic blood pressure and of 10 mm Hg in diastolic blood pressure

Answer 26

Orthostatic hypotension

Question 27

bone fractures that result from disease rather than injury

Answer 27

Pathological fractures

Question 28

analogous and refer to the positioning of the joints, tendons, ligaments, and muscles while standing, sitting and lying (body alignment)

Answer 28

Posture

Question 29

localized damage to the skin, underlying soft tissue, or both as a result of prolonged schema (decreased blood supply in the tissues)

Answer 29

Pressure injury/injuries

Question 30

bands of tough fibrous tissue that surround joints and connect bone to bone to reinforce joint stability to limit extreme movement of joints

Answer 30

Ligaments

Question 31

loss of muscle tissue

Answer 31

Muscle atrophy

Question 31

refers to the ability to move easily and independently

Answer 31

Mobility

Question 32

a disease characterized by loss of bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue that can lead to increased risk of fractures

Answer 32

Osteoporosis

Question 32

when the patient is immobile, the body excretes more nitrogen (the end product of amino acid breakdown) than protein ingested resulting in __________

Answer 32

Negative nitrogen balance

Question 33

injury below the first thoracic vertebra results in 2 limb paralysis

Answer 33

Paraplegia

Question 34

injury above the first thoracic vertebra resulting in 4 limb paralysis

Answer 34

Quadriplegia

Question 35

4 limb paralysis (aka Quadriplegia)

Answer 35

Tetrapelgia

Question 36

maximum amount of movement available at a joint in one of the four planes of the body: medial, sagittal, frontal or transverse.

Answer 36

Range of motion (ROM)

Question 37

used to mechanically lift a patient off the surface of a bed, thereby preventing friction, tearing, or shearing of the patient’s skin and protecting the nurse and other staff from injury

Answer 37

Full-body slings

Question 38

muscle weakness

Answer 38

Hemiparesis

Question 39

muscle paralysis

Answer 39

Hemiplegia

Question 40

inflammation of the lung from stain or pooling of secretions

Answer 40

Hypostatic pneumonia

Question 41

the inability to move about freely

Answer 41

Immobility

Question 42

used to describe a particular manner or style of walking. Begins with the heel strike of one leg and continues to the heel strike of the other leg.

Answer 42

Gait