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Fundamentals 2 > Chapter 46 > Flashcards

Chapter 46 Flashcards

1
Q

bands of fibrous connective tissue that attache muscle to bone

A

Tendons

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2
Q

clot

A

Thrombus

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3
Q

a safety device that helps to support hips and legs so that the femur does not rotate outward

A

Trochanter roll

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4
Q

the obstruction of proper urine flow through the urinary system, resulting from multiple factors, including nerve damage, kidney stones, and prostate enlargement

A

Urinary stasis

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5
Q

the type and amount of exercise or work that a person is able to preform without undue exertion or possibly injury

A

Activity tolerance

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6
Q

measures of height, weight, and skin fold thickness

A

Anthropometric measurements

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7
Q

collapse of alveoli (small air sacs in the lungs)

A

Atelectasis

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8
Q

an intervention that restricts the patients to bed for therapeutic reasons

A

Bed rest

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9
Q

analogous and refer to the positioning of the joints, tendons, ligaments, and muscles while standing, sitting and lying (posture)

A

Body alignment

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10
Q

a term used to describe the ways we move as we go about our daily lives.

A

Body mechanics

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11
Q

(percussion and positioning) is an effective method for preventing stasis of pulmonary secretions

A

Chest physiotherapy (CPT)

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12
Q

the tendency of cells and tissue to reduce in size and function in response to prolonged inactivity resulting from bed rest, trauma, casting of a body part, or local nerve damage

A

Disease atrophy

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13
Q

a dislodged venus thrombus

A

Embolus

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14
Q

a state of bone loss due to local skeletal unloading or systemic immobilization

A

Disuse osteoporosis

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15
Q

friction-reducing transfer sheets and full-body slings

A

Ergonomic assistive devices

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16
Q

physical activity for conditioning the body, improving health and maintaining fitness

A

Exercise

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17
Q

the inability to dorsiflex and evert the foot because perineal nerve damage

A

Footdrop

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18
Q

a force that occurs in a direction opposing movement. The greater the surface area of the object to be moved the greater the _________.

A

Friction

19
Q

line through the axis of the body, separating the body into equal halves (left and right)
Sagittal plan (any plane parallel to the medial plane

A

Medial plane

20
Q

Frontal plane - passes through the body from side to side and divides the body into front and back

A

Frontal plane

21
Q

horizontal line that divides the body into upper and lower portions

A

Transverse plane

22
Q

The force exerted agains the skin while the skin remains stationary and the body structures move

A

Shear

23
Q

activities that are necessary to be independent in society beyond eating, grooming, transferring and toileting.

A

Instrumental activities of daily living (IADLSs)

24
Q

abnormal and possibly permanent condition characterized by fixation of a joint

A

Joint contracture

25
Q

structures, or articulations, that connect two or more adjacent parts of the skeleton to facilitate movement

A

Joints

26
Q

a drop in blood pressure greater than 20 mm Hg in systolic blood pressure and of 10 mm Hg in diastolic blood pressure

A

Orthostatic hypotension

27
Q

bone fractures that result from disease rather than injury

A

Pathological fractures

28
Q

analogous and refer to the positioning of the joints, tendons, ligaments, and muscles while standing, sitting and lying (body alignment)

A

Posture

29
Q

localized damage to the skin, underlying soft tissue, or both as a result of prolonged schema (decreased blood supply in the tissues)

A

Pressure injury/injuries

30
Q

bands of tough fibrous tissue that surround joints and connect bone to bone to reinforce joint stability to limit extreme movement of joints

A

Ligaments

31
Q

loss of muscle tissue

A

Muscle atrophy

31
Q

refers to the ability to move easily and independently

A

Mobility

32
Q

a disease characterized by loss of bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue that can lead to increased risk of fractures

A

Osteoporosis

32
Q

when the patient is immobile, the body excretes more nitrogen (the end product of amino acid breakdown) than protein ingested resulting in __________

A

Negative nitrogen balance

33
Q

injury below the first thoracic vertebra results in 2 limb paralysis

A

Paraplegia

34
Q

injury above the first thoracic vertebra resulting in 4 limb paralysis

A

Quadriplegia

35
Q

4 limb paralysis (aka Quadriplegia)

A

Tetrapelgia

36
Q

maximum amount of movement available at a joint in one of the four planes of the body: medial, sagittal, frontal or transverse.

A

Range of motion (ROM)

37
Q

used to mechanically lift a patient off the surface of a bed, thereby preventing friction, tearing, or shearing of the patient’s skin and protecting the nurse and other staff from injury

A

Full-body slings

38
Q

muscle weakness

A

Hemiparesis

39
Q

muscle paralysis

A

Hemiplegia

40
Q

inflammation of the lung from stain or pooling of secretions

A

Hypostatic pneumonia

41
Q

the inability to move about freely

A

Immobility

42
Q

used to describe a particular manner or style of walking. Begins with the heel strike of one leg and continues to the heel strike of the other leg.

A

Gait

Fundamentals 2 (12 decks)

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