Chapter 46 Flashcards
bands of fibrous connective tissue that attache muscle to bone
Tendons
clot
Thrombus
a safety device that helps to support hips and legs so that the femur does not rotate outward
Trochanter roll
the obstruction of proper urine flow through the urinary system, resulting from multiple factors, including nerve damage, kidney stones, and prostate enlargement
Urinary stasis
the type and amount of exercise or work that a person is able to preform without undue exertion or possibly injury
Activity tolerance
measures of height, weight, and skin fold thickness
Anthropometric measurements
collapse of alveoli (small air sacs in the lungs)
Atelectasis
an intervention that restricts the patients to bed for therapeutic reasons
Bed rest
analogous and refer to the positioning of the joints, tendons, ligaments, and muscles while standing, sitting and lying (posture)
Body alignment
a term used to describe the ways we move as we go about our daily lives.
Body mechanics
(percussion and positioning) is an effective method for preventing stasis of pulmonary secretions
Chest physiotherapy (CPT)
the tendency of cells and tissue to reduce in size and function in response to prolonged inactivity resulting from bed rest, trauma, casting of a body part, or local nerve damage
Disease atrophy
a dislodged venus thrombus
Embolus
a state of bone loss due to local skeletal unloading or systemic immobilization
Disuse osteoporosis
friction-reducing transfer sheets and full-body slings
Ergonomic assistive devices
physical activity for conditioning the body, improving health and maintaining fitness
Exercise
the inability to dorsiflex and evert the foot because perineal nerve damage
Footdrop
a force that occurs in a direction opposing movement. The greater the surface area of the object to be moved the greater the _________.
Friction
line through the axis of the body, separating the body into equal halves (left and right)
Sagittal plan (any plane parallel to the medial plane
Medial plane
Frontal plane - passes through the body from side to side and divides the body into front and back
Frontal plane
horizontal line that divides the body into upper and lower portions
Transverse plane
The force exerted agains the skin while the skin remains stationary and the body structures move
Shear
activities that are necessary to be independent in society beyond eating, grooming, transferring and toileting.
Instrumental activities of daily living (IADLSs)
abnormal and possibly permanent condition characterized by fixation of a joint
Joint contracture
structures, or articulations, that connect two or more adjacent parts of the skeleton to facilitate movement
Joints
a drop in blood pressure greater than 20 mm Hg in systolic blood pressure and of 10 mm Hg in diastolic blood pressure
Orthostatic hypotension
bone fractures that result from disease rather than injury
Pathological fractures
analogous and refer to the positioning of the joints, tendons, ligaments, and muscles while standing, sitting and lying (body alignment)
Posture
localized damage to the skin, underlying soft tissue, or both as a result of prolonged schema (decreased blood supply in the tissues)
Pressure injury/injuries
bands of tough fibrous tissue that surround joints and connect bone to bone to reinforce joint stability to limit extreme movement of joints
Ligaments
loss of muscle tissue
Muscle atrophy
refers to the ability to move easily and independently
Mobility
a disease characterized by loss of bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue that can lead to increased risk of fractures
Osteoporosis
when the patient is immobile, the body excretes more nitrogen (the end product of amino acid breakdown) than protein ingested resulting in __________
Negative nitrogen balance
injury below the first thoracic vertebra results in 2 limb paralysis
Paraplegia
injury above the first thoracic vertebra resulting in 4 limb paralysis
Quadriplegia
4 limb paralysis (aka Quadriplegia)
Tetrapelgia
maximum amount of movement available at a joint in one of the four planes of the body: medial, sagittal, frontal or transverse.
Range of motion (ROM)
used to mechanically lift a patient off the surface of a bed, thereby preventing friction, tearing, or shearing of the patient’s skin and protecting the nurse and other staff from injury
Full-body slings
muscle weakness
Hemiparesis
muscle paralysis
Hemiplegia
inflammation of the lung from stain or pooling of secretions
Hypostatic pneumonia
the inability to move about freely
Immobility
used to describe a particular manner or style of walking. Begins with the heel strike of one leg and continues to the heel strike of the other leg.
Gait
