Chapter 34 Flashcards
the study of the determinants, occurrence, and distribution of health and disease in a defined population
Epidemiology
includes procedures used to eliminate all microorganisms, including spores, from an object or area
Surgical asepsis
the state or fact of being likely or liable to be influenced or harmed by a particular thing
Susceptibility
an infection that affects the entire body instead of a single organ or part
Systemic
attach to the skin when a person has contact with another person or object
Transient microorganism
the ability to produce disease
Virulence
bacteria require oxygen to survive and to multiply sufficiently to cause disease. Cause more infection than bacteria that do not require oxygen.
Aerobic
organisms that can survive only in the absence of oxygen
Anerobic
the process for keeping away disease-producing microorganisms
Asepsis
antibiotics that act against an extensive range of disease-causing bacteria by targeting both gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial groups.
Broad-spectrum antibiotics
are animals or persons who show no symptoms f illness but who have pathogens on or in their bodies that can be transferred to others
Carriers
when a pathogen is present on or in the body but does not cause harm, the pathogen is _______ the site.
Colonizing
If an infection can be transmitted from one person to another it is a ________ (infections, contagious) disease
Communicable
the elimination of all pathogens except bacterial spores
Disinfection
accumulated fluid appears as localized swelling
Edema
can occur when some of the patient’s flora become altered and overgrowth results. E.g. streptococci
Endrogenous infection
arises from microorganisms external to the individual that do not exist as normal flora. E.g. Salmonella
Exogenous infection
clear, watery plasma
Serous
an increase in the number of white cells in the blood, especially during an infection.
Leukocytosis
restricted to a limited area
Localized
apply when a healthcare worker is or potentially may be exposed to:
1. Blood,
2. All body fluids, secretions, and excretions except sweat,
3. Nonintact skin, or
4. Mucous membranes. Include the appropriate use of gowns, gloves, masks, eye where, and other protective devices or clothing.
Routine practices
bloody drainage
Sanguineous
thin, watery drainage that is blood tinged
Serosanguineous
include using an adequate amount of soap, rubbing the hands together to lather the soap and create friction and rinsing under a stream of water
Hand-washing
an infection acquired after admission to a health care facility that was not present or incubating at the time of admission
Health care-associated infection (HAI)
the body’s ability to stay safe by affording protection against harmful agents and involves lines of defense against most microbes as well as specialized and highly specific response to a particular offender
Immune response
occurs when tissues are injured by bacteria, trauma, toxins, heat, or any other cause. Damaged cells release chemicals including histamine. These cause blood vessels to leak fluid into tissues, causing swelling.
Inflammatory response
only patients infected or colonized with certain highly transmissible or epidemiologically significant pathogens are placed under _________
Isolation precautions
impaired immune system
Immunocompromised
flora that do not typically cause disease when residing in their usual area of the body, but, instead, participate in maintaining health
Normal flora
an infection acquired after admission to a health care facility that was not present or incubating at the time of admission. Same thing as a health care-associated infection (HAI).
Nosocomial infection
the ability of the microorganism to cause disease
Pathogenicity
process by which certain living cells called phagocytes ingest or engulf other cells or particles
Phagocytosis
thick drainage that contains pus
Purulent
microorganisms on the skin (also called transient flora)
Resident microorganism
microorganisms that can cause disease
Pathogens
(or clean technique), includes procedures used to reduce and prevent the spread of microorganisms. E.g. hand hygiene
Medical asepsis
typically single cell and can only be seen with the aid of a microscope. Includes bacteria, protozoa and certain types of algae, and fungi.
Microorganisms -
fluids, cells, or other cellular substances that are slowly discharged from blood vessels usually from inflamed tissues
Exudates
dead tissues
Necrotic
the most important and basic technique in preventing the transmission of infections
Hand hygiene
an area free of microorganisms and prepared to receive sterile items
Sterile field
the destruction of all microorganisms, including spores
Sterilization
develops when broad-spectrum antibiotics eliminate a wide range of microorganisms, not just those causing the infection
Superinfection
