Chapter 34

Question 1

the study of the determinants, occurrence, and distribution of health and disease in a defined population

Answer 1

Epidemiology

Question 2

includes procedures used to eliminate all microorganisms, including spores, from an object or area

Answer 2

Surgical asepsis

Question 3

the state or fact of being likely or liable to be influenced or harmed by a particular thing

Answer 3

Susceptibility

Question 4

an infection that affects the entire body instead of a single organ or part

Answer 4

Systemic

Question 5

attach to the skin when a person has contact with another person or object

Answer 5

Transient microorganism

Question 6

the ability to produce disease

Answer 6

Virulence

Question 7

bacteria require oxygen to survive and to multiply sufficiently to cause disease. Cause more infection than bacteria that do not require oxygen.

Answer 7

Aerobic

Question 8

organisms that can survive only in the absence of oxygen

Answer 8

Anerobic

Question 9

the process for keeping away disease-producing microorganisms

Answer 9

Asepsis

Question 10

antibiotics that act against an extensive range of disease-causing bacteria by targeting both gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial groups.

Answer 10

Broad-spectrum antibiotics

Question 11

are animals or persons who show no symptoms f illness but who have pathogens on or in their bodies that can be transferred to others

Answer 11

Carriers

Question 12

when a pathogen is present on or in the body but does not cause harm, the pathogen is _______ the site.

Answer 12

Colonizing

Question 13

If an infection can be transmitted from one person to another it is a ________ (infections, contagious) disease

Answer 13

Communicable

Question 14

the elimination of all pathogens except bacterial spores

Answer 14

Disinfection

Question 15

accumulated fluid appears as localized swelling

Answer 15

Edema

Question 16

can occur when some of the patient’s flora become altered and overgrowth results. E.g. streptococci

Answer 16

Endrogenous infection

Question 17

arises from microorganisms external to the individual that do not exist as normal flora. E.g. Salmonella

Answer 17

Exogenous infection

Question 18

clear, watery plasma

Answer 18

Serous

Question 19

an increase in the number of white cells in the blood, especially during an infection.

Answer 19

Leukocytosis

Question 20

restricted to a limited area

Answer 20

Localized

Question 21

apply when a healthcare worker is or potentially may be exposed to:
1. Blood,
2. All body fluids, secretions, and excretions except sweat,
3. Nonintact skin, or
4. Mucous membranes. Include the appropriate use of gowns, gloves, masks, eye where, and other protective devices or clothing.

Answer 21

Routine practices

Question 22

bloody drainage

Answer 22

Sanguineous

Question 23

thin, watery drainage that is blood tinged

Answer 23

Serosanguineous

Question 24

include using an adequate amount of soap, rubbing the hands together to lather the soap and create friction and rinsing under a stream of water

Answer 24

Hand-washing

Question 25

an infection acquired after admission to a health care facility that was not present or incubating at the time of admission

Answer 25

Health care-associated infection (HAI)

Question 26

the body’s ability to stay safe by affording protection against harmful agents and involves lines of defense against most microbes as well as specialized and highly specific response to a particular offender

Answer 26

Immune response

Question 27

occurs when tissues are injured by bacteria, trauma, toxins, heat, or any other cause. Damaged cells release chemicals including histamine. These cause blood vessels to leak fluid into tissues, causing swelling.

Answer 27

Inflammatory response

Question 28

only patients infected or colonized with certain highly transmissible or epidemiologically significant pathogens are placed under _________

Answer 28

Isolation precautions

Question 29

impaired immune system

Answer 29

Immunocompromised

Question 30

flora that do not typically cause disease when residing in their usual area of the body, but, instead, participate in maintaining health

Answer 30

Normal flora

Question 31

an infection acquired after admission to a health care facility that was not present or incubating at the time of admission. Same thing as a health care-associated infection (HAI).

Answer 31

Nosocomial infection

Question 32

the ability of the microorganism to cause disease

Answer 32

Pathogenicity

Question 33

process by which certain living cells called phagocytes ingest or engulf other cells or particles

Answer 33

Phagocytosis

Question 34

thick drainage that contains pus

Answer 34

Purulent

Question 35

microorganisms on the skin (also called transient flora)

Answer 35

Resident microorganism

Question 36

microorganisms that can cause disease

Answer 36

Pathogens

Question 37

(or clean technique), includes procedures used to reduce and prevent the spread of microorganisms. E.g. hand hygiene

Answer 37

Medical asepsis

Question 38

typically single cell and can only be seen with the aid of a microscope. Includes bacteria, protozoa and certain types of algae, and fungi.

Answer 38

Microorganisms -

Question 39

fluids, cells, or other cellular substances that are slowly discharged from blood vessels usually from inflamed tissues

Answer 39

Exudates

Question 40

dead tissues

Answer 40

Necrotic

Question 41

the most important and basic technique in preventing the transmission of infections

Answer 41

Hand hygiene

Question 42

an area free of microorganisms and prepared to receive sterile items

Answer 42

Sterile field

Question 43

the destruction of all microorganisms, including spores

Answer 43

Sterilization

Question 44

develops when broad-spectrum antibiotics eliminate a wide range of microorganisms, not just those causing the infection

Answer 44

Superinfection