Chapter 34 Flashcards

1
Q

the study of the determinants, occurrence, and distribution of health and disease in a defined population

A

Epidemiology

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2
Q

includes procedures used to eliminate all microorganisms, including spores, from an object or area

A

Surgical asepsis

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3
Q

the state or fact of being likely or liable to be influenced or harmed by a particular thing

A

Susceptibility

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4
Q

an infection that affects the entire body instead of a single organ or part

A

Systemic

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5
Q

attach to the skin when a person has contact with another person or object

A

Transient microorganism

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6
Q

the ability to produce disease

A

Virulence

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7
Q

bacteria require oxygen to survive and to multiply sufficiently to cause disease. Cause more infection than bacteria that do not require oxygen.

A

Aerobic

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8
Q

organisms that can survive only in the absence of oxygen

A

Anerobic

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9
Q

the process for keeping away disease-producing microorganisms

A

Asepsis

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10
Q

antibiotics that act against an extensive range of disease-causing bacteria by targeting both gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial groups.

A

Broad-spectrum antibiotics

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11
Q

are animals or persons who show no symptoms f illness but who have pathogens on or in their bodies that can be transferred to others

A

Carriers

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12
Q

when a pathogen is present on or in the body but does not cause harm, the pathogen is _______ the site.

A

Colonizing

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13
Q

If an infection can be transmitted from one person to another it is a ________ (infections, contagious) disease

A

Communicable

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14
Q

the elimination of all pathogens except bacterial spores

A

Disinfection

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15
Q

accumulated fluid appears as localized swelling

A

Edema

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16
Q

can occur when some of the patient’s flora become altered and overgrowth results. E.g. streptococci

A

Endrogenous infection

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17
Q

arises from microorganisms external to the individual that do not exist as normal flora. E.g. Salmonella

A

Exogenous infection

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18
Q

clear, watery plasma

19
Q

an increase in the number of white cells in the blood, especially during an infection.

A

Leukocytosis

20
Q

restricted to a limited area

21
Q

apply when a healthcare worker is or potentially may be exposed to:
1. Blood,
2. All body fluids, secretions, and excretions except sweat,
3. Nonintact skin, or
4. Mucous membranes. Include the appropriate use of gowns, gloves, masks, eye where, and other protective devices or clothing.

A

Routine practices

22
Q

bloody drainage

A

Sanguineous

23
Q

thin, watery drainage that is blood tinged

A

Serosanguineous

24
Q

include using an adequate amount of soap, rubbing the hands together to lather the soap and create friction and rinsing under a stream of water

A

Hand-washing

25
an infection acquired after admission to a health care facility that was not present or incubating at the time of admission
Health care-associated infection (HAI)
26
the body's ability to stay safe by affording protection against harmful agents and involves lines of defense against most microbes as well as specialized and highly specific response to a particular offender
Immune response
27
occurs when tissues are injured by bacteria, trauma, toxins, heat, or any other cause. Damaged cells release chemicals including histamine. These cause blood vessels to leak fluid into tissues, causing swelling.
Inflammatory response
28
only patients infected or colonized with certain highly transmissible or epidemiologically significant pathogens are placed under _________
Isolation precautions
29
impaired immune system
Immunocompromised
30
flora that do not typically cause disease when residing in their usual area of the body, but, instead, participate in maintaining health
Normal flora
31
an infection acquired after admission to a health care facility that was not present or incubating at the time of admission. Same thing as a health care-associated infection (HAI).
Nosocomial infection
32
the ability of the microorganism to cause disease
Pathogenicity
33
process by which certain living cells called phagocytes ingest or engulf other cells or particles
Phagocytosis
34
thick drainage that contains pus
Purulent
35
microorganisms on the skin (also called transient flora)
Resident microorganism
36
microorganisms that can cause disease
Pathogens
37
(or clean technique), includes procedures used to reduce and prevent the spread of microorganisms. E.g. hand hygiene
Medical asepsis
38
typically single cell and can only be seen with the aid of a microscope. Includes bacteria, protozoa and certain types of algae, and fungi.
Microorganisms -
39
fluids, cells, or other cellular substances that are slowly discharged from blood vessels usually from inflamed tissues
Exudates
40
dead tissues
Necrotic
41
the most important and basic technique in preventing the transmission of infections
Hand hygiene
42
an area free of microorganisms and prepared to receive sterile items
Sterile field
43
the destruction of all microorganisms, including spores
Sterilization
44
develops when broad-spectrum antibiotics eliminate a wide range of microorganisms, not just those causing the infection
Superinfection