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118 and 119 > Chapter 45- Adnexa Pathology > Flashcards

Chapter 45- Adnexa Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

What is salpingitis

A

inflammation of the fallopian tube

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2
Q

who does salpingitis most commonly affect?

A

Women from 20-24

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3
Q

What are salpingitis symptoms

A

It may be asymptomatic. Other symptoms are low-grade fever and pelvic fullness

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4
Q

How does salpingitis appear sonographically?

A

As a dialated fallopian tube

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5
Q

What is hydrosalpinx?

A

an obstructed fallopian tube filled with serous secretions.

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6
Q

who does hydrosalpinx most commonly affect?

A

women 20-24

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7
Q

What are the symptoms of hydrosalpinx

A

It may be asymptomatic. Other symptoms are low-grade fever and pelvic fullness.

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8
Q

How does hydrosalpinx appear sonographically

A

It appears bilaterally as thin walled, dilated tubes with mass and pointed beak near isthmus.

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9
Q

What is pyosalpinx

A

Pyosalpinx is when the fallopian tube retains pus and is inflamed.

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10
Q

Who does pyosalpinx affect

A

women 20-24

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11
Q

what are the symptoms of pyosalpinx

A

It may be asymptomatic. Other symptoms are low-grade fever and pelvic fullness.

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12
Q

How does pyosalpinx appear sonographically

A

It appears as very thick, echogenic pus within a dilated tube. May appear as a complex mass.

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13
Q

What does PID stand for and what is it?

A

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease is an inclusive term for all pelvic infections.

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14
Q

Who does PID affect?

A

It affects 11% of young women: most commonly age 20-24.

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15
Q

What are some risk factors for pelvic infections?

A

Risk factors include IUDs, a ruptured appendix, peritonitis, a history of STDs, and behaviors leading to STDs

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16
Q

what are some symptoms of PID

A

Its symptoms are intense pelvic pain, constant discharge, fever, pain in RUQ, painful intercourse, and irregular bleeding. It’s associated with infertility and endometritis.

17
Q

How might PID appear sonographically

A

Large bilateral mass, free fluid in the cul-de-sac, increased vascularity, and structures may be difficult to distinguish from one another.

18
Q

What is TOA?

A

Tubo Ovarian Abscess is an adhesive and inflamed serosa that may adhere to other peritoneal surfaces

19
Q

Who is at risk for Tubo Ovarian Abscess?

A

sexually active women from age 20-24, people with IUDs or a previous history of TOA

20
Q

What are symptoms of Tubo Ovarian Abscess?

A

Its symptoms are often one-sided abdominal pain and abnormal discharge

21
Q

How might TOA appear sonographically

A

It appears difficult to separate ovary from the inflamed tube.

22
Q

what is endometriosis

A

the presence of functioning endometrial tissue that can be found almost anywhere in the body.

23
Q

what is endometriosis called in the uterus? Who does this typically affect?

A

Adenomyosis. It is most common in women who had uterine surgery.

24
Q

what are symptoms of endometriosis

A

dysmenorrhea, pelvic pain, bleeding, and painful intercourse.

25
Q

is diffuse endometriosis detected with sonography? How might it appear?

A

Rarely. The uterus may appear bulbous, with myometrial cysts, or with an indistinct border between endo and myometrium.

26
Q

What is the most common form of endometriosis?

A

The most common form of endometriosis is the indirect form that appears outside the uterus

27
Q

What is endometrioma?

A

is the localized form of endometriosis that can also be called “chocolate cysts.”

28
Q

How many women with endometrosis also have endometrioma?

A

30-40% of women with endometriosis

29
Q

What are symptoms of endometrioma?

A

Symptoms may include pain or infertility.

30
Q

How does endometrioma appear sonographically?

A

It appears in multiple sites and may become enlarged, rupture, or have torsion. They may be bilateral or unilateral

31
Q

What is peritonitis? What is it called in the pelvis?

A

Inflammation of peritoneum. If infection spreads to pelvis it becomes pelvic peritonitis.

32
Q

What is the most common cause of fever in a postpartum patient?

A

endometritis

33
Q

How does peritonitis occur?

A

organisms enter the body through openings, via bloodstream/ lymphatic, through incisions, or failure to practice antiseptic techniques during surgery.

34
Q

how does peritonitis appear sonographically

A

gas bubbles, loculated areas of fluid

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