Chapter 45- Adnexa Pathology Flashcards
What is salpingitis
inflammation of the fallopian tube
who does salpingitis most commonly affect?
Women from 20-24
What are salpingitis symptoms
It may be asymptomatic. Other symptoms are low-grade fever and pelvic fullness
How does salpingitis appear sonographically?
As a dialated fallopian tube
What is hydrosalpinx?
an obstructed fallopian tube filled with serous secretions.
who does hydrosalpinx most commonly affect?
women 20-24
What are the symptoms of hydrosalpinx
It may be asymptomatic. Other symptoms are low-grade fever and pelvic fullness.
How does hydrosalpinx appear sonographically
It appears bilaterally as thin walled, dilated tubes with mass and pointed beak near isthmus.
What is pyosalpinx
Pyosalpinx is when the fallopian tube retains pus and is inflamed.
Who does pyosalpinx affect
women 20-24
what are the symptoms of pyosalpinx
It may be asymptomatic. Other symptoms are low-grade fever and pelvic fullness.
How does pyosalpinx appear sonographically
It appears as very thick, echogenic pus within a dilated tube. May appear as a complex mass.
What does PID stand for and what is it?
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease is an inclusive term for all pelvic infections.
Who does PID affect?
It affects 11% of young women: most commonly age 20-24.
What are some risk factors for pelvic infections?
Risk factors include IUDs, a ruptured appendix, peritonitis, a history of STDs, and behaviors leading to STDs
what are some symptoms of PID
Its symptoms are intense pelvic pain, constant discharge, fever, pain in RUQ, painful intercourse, and irregular bleeding. It’s associated with infertility and endometritis.
What are some possible sonographic appearances of PID?
Large bilateral mass, free fluid in the cul-de-sac, increased vascularity, and structures may be difficult to distinguish from one another.
What is TOA?
Tubo Ovarian Abscess is an adhesive and inflamed serosa that may adhere to other peritoneal surfaces
Who is at risk for Tubo Ovarian Abscess?
sexually active women from age 20-24, people with IUDs or a previous history of TOA
What are symptoms of Tubo Ovarian Abscess?
Its symptoms are often one-sided abdominal pain and abnormal discharge
How might TOA appear sonographically
It appears difficult to separate ovary from the inflamed tube.
what is endometriosis
the presence of functioning endometrial tissue that can be found almost anywhere in the body.
what is endometriosis called in the uterus? Who does this typically affect?
Adenomyosis. It is most common in women who had uterine surgery.
what are symptoms of endometriosis
dysmenorrhea, pelvic pain, bleeding, and painful intercourse.
is diffuse endometriosis detected with sonography? How might it appear?
Rarely. The uterus may appear bulbous, with myometrial cysts, or with an indistinct border between endo and myometrium.
What is the most common form of endometriosis?
The most common form of endometriosis is the indirect form that appears outside the uterus
What is endometrioma?
is the localized form of endometriosis that can also be called “chocolate cysts.”
How many women with endometrosis also have endometrioma?
30-40% of women with endometriosis
What are symptoms of endometrioma?
Symptoms may include pain or infertility.
How does endometrioma appear sonographically?
It appears in multiple sites and may become enlarged, rupture, or have torsion. They may be bilateral or unilateral
What is peritonitis? What is it called in the pelvis?
Inflammation of peritoneum. If infection spreads to pelvis it becomes pelvic peritonitis.
What is the most common cause of fever in a postpartum patient?
endometritis
How does peritonitis occur?
organisms enter the body through openings, via bloodstream/ lymphatic, through incisions, or failure to practice antiseptic techniques during surgery.
how does peritonitis appear sonographically
gas bubbles, loculated areas of fluid
