Chapter 43- Uterine Pathology Flashcards
What is cervical stenosis?
An acquired, narrowing of the cervix that creates an obstruction.
Who is most at risk for cervical stenosis?
Patients with history of cervical cancer and surgeries.
What is the most common congenital abnormality of the female genitals?
Imperforate hymen
What is an imperforate hymen? Is it congenital or acquired?
A congenital pathology where there is not a hole in the hymen
What is a Gartner’s duct cyst? Where does it come from?
A congenital, vaginal mass from a remnant of the Wolffian duct
What is a Nabothian cyst
Benign chronic inflammatory retention cysts located in the cervix.
How do Nabothian cysts appear sonographically?
Several small anecohic areas located in the cervix
What is the most common cervical cancer?
squamous cell carconoma
What is cervical carcinoma?
A malignant cervical tumor that affects women of menstrual age.
What is another name for fibroid?
A leiomyoma or myoma tumor
what is the most common gynecological tumor
leiomyoma/fibroids
Who is at risk for leiomyomas?
20-30% of women over the age of 30, especially african americans.
what is an estrogen-dependent, benign tumor
Fibroids
What are symptoms of leiomyoma
Enlarged uterus, excess bleeding, pelvic pain
what is a polyp
A benign protrusion of epithelium in endo/exo cervix
Who is most at risk for cervical polyps
Women in late middle age
What are the symptoms of cervical polyps
irregular bleeding
What is adenomyosis
Ectopic occurrence of endometrial tissue within the myometrium
What is leiomyosarcoma
A rare but aggressive, rapidly enlarging solid, malignant mass, typically in the uterine fundus
Who does leiomyosarcoma affect
women aged 40-60
What are the symptoms of leiomyosarcoma
abnormal bleeding
What is endometrial hyperplasia
abnormal thickening of the endometrium that may be a precursor for endometrial cancer
What are the symptoms of endometrial hyperplasia
heavy menstruation
What is the most common cause of abnormal uterine bleeding?
hyperplasia
what is an endometrial polyp?
Overgrowth of endometrial tissue covered by epithelium.
Who is most likely to develop endometrial polyps?
women around menopause
What are the possible symptoms of endometrial polyps?
Asymptomatic or uterine bleeding, infertility
What is endometritis
infection located within the endometrium. infection could spread to tubes/adnexa
Who is likely to develop endometritis?
Postpartum patients could develop after long labor, rupture of membranes, vaginitis, retained product of conception
When might someone be at risk for synechiae?
post-trauma or surgery
What are some common symptoms of synechiae
Infertility, pregnancy loss
When might it be easier to diagnose synechiae?
With fluid in the endometrium, in the secretory phase, or with a gravid uterus
what is endometrial carcinoma
a malignancy in the endometrium. Likely begins with thickened uterus
Who is most likely to be at risk for endometrial carconoma
Menopausal patients. especially anovulatory, obese, and taking estrogen replacement
what is the most common gynecological malignancy in America?
endometrial carcinoma
What is the most common cervical finding?
nabothian cysts
What is the most common cause of uterine calcifications
myomas
After myoma, what is the next most common cause of uterine calcifications
arcurate artery calcification
the cervical canal extends from the internal os where it joins the uterine cavity to the…?
external os where it projects into the vagina
how does degeneration of a fibroid appear sonographically?
internal cystic areas and calcifications
