Chapter 45

Question 1

Bleeding from a normally situated placenta as a result of its complete or partial detatchment

Answer 1

abruptio placentae

Question 2

aspiration of a sample of amniotic fluid through the mother’s abdomen for diagnostic analysis of fetal genetics, maturity, and/or disease

Answer 2

amniocentesis

Question 3

a neural tube defect where absence of the brain, including the cerebrum, the cerebellum, and basal ganglia, may be present

Answer 3

anencephaly

Question 4

the ligatures around the cervix uteri used to treat cervical incompetence during pregnancy

Answer 4

cerclage

Question 5

age of embryo stated as time from day of conception

Answer 5

embryonic age (conception age)

Question 6

length of pregnancy defined in the United States as number of weeks from first day of last normal menstrual period (LNMP)

Answer 6

gestational (menstrual) age

Question 7

structure lined by the chorion that normally implants within the uterine decidua and contains the developing embryo

Answer 7

gestational sac

Question 8

total number of pregnancies

Answer 8

gravidity

Question 9

abnormal conception in which there is partial or complete conversion of the chorionic villi into grapelike vesicles

Answer 9

hydatidiform mole

Question 10

a condition in which the cervix dilates silently during the second trimester; without intervention, the membranes bulge through the cervix and rupture, and the fetus drops out, resulting in a premature preterm delivery

Answer 10

incompetent cervix

Question 11

reduced growth rate (symmetrical IUGR) or abnormal growth pattern (asymmetrical IUGR) of the fetus, resulting in a small for gestational age (SGA) infant

Answer 11

intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)

Question 12

thin expanded lower portion of the uterus that forms in the last trimester of pregnancy

Answer 12

lower uterine segment

Question 13

exceptionally large infant with excessive fat deposition in the subcutaneous tissue; most frequently seen in fetuses of diabetic mothers

Answer 13

macrosomia

Question 14

one of several biochemical tests used to assess fetal risk for aneuploidy or fetal defect; a component of the “quad screen,” the normal value of MSAFP varies with gestational age; assessment of gestational age is essential for accurate interpretation of results

Answer 14

maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP)

Question 15

a collection of fluid that extends behind the fetal neck and along the spine in the first trimester

Answer 15

nuchal translucency

Question 16

reduced amount of amniotic fluid

Answer 16

oligohydramnios

Question 17

number of live births

Answer 17

parity (P)

Question 18

organ of communication in which nutrition and products of metabolism are interchanged between the fetal and maternal blood systems; is formed from the chorion frondosum with a maternal decidual contribution

Answer 18

placenta

Question 19

placental implantation encroaches upon the lower uterine segment; if the placenta presents first in late pregnancy, bleeding is inevitable

Answer 19

placenta previa

Question 20

excessive amount of amniotic fluid

Answer 20

polyhydramnios

Question 21

maternal serum biochemical levels in the second trimester of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), estriol, and inhibin A

Answer 21

quad screen

Question 22

a 40-week pregnancy is divided into three 13-week periods from the first day of the last normal menstrual period (weeks 1 through 13, first trimester; weeks 14 through 27, second trimester; week 28 to term, third trimester)

Answer 22

trimester

Question 23

connecting lifeline between the fetus and placenta; it contains two umbilical arteries, which carry deoxygenated fetal blood, and one umbilical vein, which carries oxygenated fetal blood encased in Wharton’s jelly

Answer 23

umbilical cord

Question 24

a circular structure within the gestational sac seen sonographically between 4 and 10 weeks’ gestational age; the yolk sac supplies nutrition, facilitates waste removal, and is the origin of early hematopoietic stem cells in the embryo; it lies between the chorion and the amnion

Answer 24

yolk sac

Question 25

products of conception from fertilization through implantation; the zygotic stage of pregnancy lasts for approximately 12 days after conception

Answer 25

zygote