Chapter 45 Flashcards
Bleeding from a normally situated placenta as a result of its complete or partial detatchment
abruptio placentae
aspiration of a sample of amniotic fluid through the mother’s abdomen for diagnostic analysis of fetal genetics, maturity, and/or disease
amniocentesis
a neural tube defect where absence of the brain, including the cerebrum, the cerebellum, and basal ganglia, may be present
anencephaly
the ligatures around the cervix uteri used to treat cervical incompetence during pregnancy
cerclage
age of embryo stated as time from day of conception
embryonic age (conception age)
length of pregnancy defined in the United States as number of weeks from first day of last normal menstrual period (LNMP)
gestational (menstrual) age
structure lined by the chorion that normally implants within the uterine decidua and contains the developing embryo
gestational sac
total number of pregnancies
gravidity
abnormal conception in which there is partial or complete conversion of the chorionic villi into grapelike vesicles
hydatidiform mole
a condition in which the cervix dilates silently during the second trimester; without intervention, the membranes bulge through the cervix and rupture, and the fetus drops out, resulting in a premature preterm delivery
incompetent cervix
reduced growth rate (symmetrical IUGR) or abnormal growth pattern (asymmetrical IUGR) of the fetus, resulting in a small for gestational age (SGA) infant
intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)
thin expanded lower portion of the uterus that forms in the last trimester of pregnancy
lower uterine segment
exceptionally large infant with excessive fat deposition in the subcutaneous tissue; most frequently seen in fetuses of diabetic mothers
macrosomia
one of several biochemical tests used to assess fetal risk for aneuploidy or fetal defect; a component of the “quad screen,” the normal value of MSAFP varies with gestational age; assessment of gestational age is essential for accurate interpretation of results
maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP)
a collection of fluid that extends behind the fetal neck and along the spine in the first trimester
nuchal translucency
reduced amount of amniotic fluid
oligohydramnios
number of live births
parity (P)
organ of communication in which nutrition and products of metabolism are interchanged between the fetal and maternal blood systems; is formed from the chorion frondosum with a maternal decidual contribution
placenta
placental implantation encroaches upon the lower uterine segment; if the placenta presents first in late pregnancy, bleeding is inevitable
placenta previa
excessive amount of amniotic fluid
polyhydramnios
maternal serum biochemical levels in the second trimester of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), estriol, and inhibin A
quad screen
a 40-week pregnancy is divided into three 13-week periods from the first day of the last normal menstrual period (weeks 1 through 13, first trimester; weeks 14 through 27, second trimester; week 28 to term, third trimester)
trimester
connecting lifeline between the fetus and placenta; it contains two umbilical arteries, which carry deoxygenated fetal blood, and one umbilical vein, which carries oxygenated fetal blood encased in Wharton’s jelly
umbilical cord
a circular structure within the gestational sac seen sonographically between 4 and 10 weeks’ gestational age; the yolk sac supplies nutrition, facilitates waste removal, and is the origin of early hematopoietic stem cells in the embryo; it lies between the chorion and the amnion
yolk sac
products of conception from fertilization through implantation; the zygotic stage of pregnancy lasts for approximately 12 days after conception
zygote
