Chapter 44 study guide

Question 1

Which statement describes an advantage to birds that secrete uric acid as their nitrogenous waste?

A:Uric acid is readily soluble in water
B:Uric acid is metabolically less expensive to synthesize than other excretory products
C: Uric acid requires little water for nitrogenous waste disposal
D: Uric acid can be reused by birds as a protein source

Answer 1

Uric acid requires little water for nitrogenous waste disposal

Question 2

Which answer best describes the formation of urea in mammals?

A:It forms in the liver from NH3 and carbon dioxide
B: It forms in the liver from glycogen
C: It forms in the kidneys from glycerol and fatty acids
D: It forms in the bladder from uric acid and water

Answer 2

It forms in the liver from NH3 and carbon dioxide

Question 3

Materials are returned to the blood from the filtrate by which of the following processes?

A:filtration
B:reabsorption
C:secretion
D:excretion

Answer 3

reabsorption

Question 4

Excretory organs known as Malpighian tubules are present in which of the following organisms?

A: flatworms
B: insects
C:jellyfish
D: sea stars

Answer 4

insects

Question 5

Which option correctly associates the mechanism for osmoregulation or nitrogen removal with the appropriate animal?

A: protonephridium- earthworm
B: Malpighian tubule- frog
C: flame bulb- flat worm
D: exchange across the body surface- snake

Answer 5

flame bulb- flat worm

Question 6

An excretory system that is partly based on the filtration of fluid under high hydrostatic pressure is the __________

A:flame bulb system of flatworms
B: protonephridia of rotifers
C: Malpighian tubules of insects
D:kidneys of vertebrates

Answer 6

kidneys of vertebrates

Question 7

Which of the following stimuli is most likely to increase secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

A:drinking a large volume of pure water
B:sweating-induced dehydration
C:eating a small sugary snack
D: abnormally high blood pressure

Answer 7

sweating induced dehydration

Question 8

Researchers at a pharmaceutical company are working to develop a new drug that would cause a patient to produce urine that is less concentrated. Which of the following drugs would likely produce this outcome?

A:a drug that opens sodium channels in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle
B: a drug that opens aquaporin channels in the descending limb of the loop of Henle
C: a drug that opens urea channels in the collecting duct
D: a drug that opens aquaporin channels in the collecting duct

Answer 8

a drug that opens sodium channels in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle

Question 9

Which of the following describes how antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and the reninangiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) work together in maintaining osmoregulatory homeostasis?

A:ADH regulates the osmolarity of the blood by altering renal reabsorption of water and the RAAS maintains the osmolarity of the blood by stimulating both Na+ and water reabsorption.
B:ADH and the RAAS work antagonistically; ADH stimulates water reabsorption during dehydration, and the RAAS causes increased excretion of water when it is in excess in body fluids
C:Both stimulate the adrenal gland to secrete aldosterone, which increases both blood volume and pressure via its receptors in the urinary bladder
D: ADH and the RAAS combine at the receptor sites of proximal tubule cells where reabsorption of essential nutrients takes place

Answer 9

ADH regulates the osmolarity of the blood by altering renal reabsorption of water, and the RAAS maintains the osmolarity of the blood by stimulating both NA+ and water reabsorption