Chapter 43 Study Guide Flashcards
Vertebrate immune cells, which are phagocytic, include which of the following?
A: neutrophils and dendritic cells
B: macrophages and natural killer cells
C: neutrophils and natural killer cells
D: neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells
neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells
A phagocytic cell has a mutation in a gene for a hydrolytic enzyme that renders the enzyme nonfunctional. What is the most likely effect of the mutation when this phagocytic cell ingests a pathogen?
A: the pseudopodia will not be able to surround the pathogen as well
B: a vacuole will not form
C: the lysosome will not degrade the pathogen effectively
D:pathogen debris will not exit the cell via exocytosis
the lysosome will not degrade the pathogen effectively
Clonal selection and differentiation of B cells activated by antigen exposure leads to the production of______.
A: large quantities of the antigen initially recognized
B:vast numbers of B cells with random antigen-recognition receptors
C: long-lived erythrocytes that can later secrete antibodies for the antigen
D: short-lived plasma cells that secrete antibodies for the antigen
short-lived plasma cells that secrete antibodies for the antigen
An organism that lacks their thymus would_________
A: lack innate immunity
B: be unable to genetically rearrange antigen receptors
C: be unable to differentiate and mature T cells
D: have a reduced number of B cells and be unable to form antibodies
be unable to differentiate and mature T cells
An otherwise healthy student in your class was infected with Epstein Barr virus (EBV)(the virus that causes infectious mononucleosis) when she was a child, at which time she had merely experienced a mild sore throat and swollen lymph nodes in her neck. When she is exposed to EBV again later in life, she does not get sick or develop any symptoms of mononucleosis. Which of the following statements explains why your classmate does not exhibit symptoms of EBV infection?
A: She was infected with a weaker strain of EBV during her second exposure
B: Complement proteins effectively controlled the EBV during the second infection
C: Memory T cells recognized the virus upon the second exposure and activated cells that destroyed the virally infected cells
D: Her innate immune response was better at recognizing the EBV antigen during the second infection
Memory T cells recognized the virus upon the second exposure and activated cells that destroyed the virally infected cells
which answer describes an advantage of having a system of adaptive immunity?
A: It enables a rapid defense against an antigen that has been previously encountered
B:It enables an animal to counter most pathogens almost instantly the first time they are encountered
C:It results in effector cells with a specificity for a large number of antigens
D: It allows for the production of only a single type of antibody
It enables a rapid defense against an antigen that has been previously encountered
Which of the following statements about epitopes is incorrect?
A:B cell receptors bind to epitopes
B:T cell receptors bind to epitopes
C:There can be 10 or more different epitopes on each antigen
D:There is a one-to-one correspondence between antigen and epitope
There is a one-to-one correspondence between antigen and epitope
Breast feeding confers which type of immunity to an infant?
A:innate immunity
B:active immunity
C:passive immunity
D:cell-mediated immunity
passive immunity
A nonfunctional CD4 protein on a helper T cell would result in the helper T cell being unable to
A: respond to circulating viral antigens
B:Lyse tumor cells
C: stimulate a cytotoxic T cell
D:interact with a class II MHC-antigen complex
interact with a class II MHC-antigen complex
T cells of the immune system include_______
A: CD4, CD8, and plasma cells
B: cytotoxic and helper cells
C:plasma, antigen-presenting, and memory cells
D:lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells
cytotoxic and helper cells
Which treatment could relieve the symptoms of an individual who has been bitten by a poisonous snake that has a fast acting toxin?
A: vaccination with a weakened form of the toxin
B: injection of antibodies to the toxin
C: injection of interleukin-1
D: injection of interferon
injection of antibodies to the toxin
