Chapter 42: Stress and Coping

Question 0

Stressor

Answer 0

Any event or stimulus that causes an individual to experience stress.

Question 1

Stress

Answer 1

A condition in which the person experiences changes in the normal balanced state

Question 2

Stress can result from

Answer 2

Both positive and negative experiences

Question 3

Stressed person responds

Answer 3

In totality (mind, body, and spirit)

Question 4

Coping Mechanisms (Coping Strategies or Coping Responses)

Answer 4

Responses when a person faces stressors

Question 5

Internal Stressors

Answer 5

Originate within a person (infection or feelings of depression)

Question 6

External Stressors

Answer 6

Originate outside the individual

Question 7

Developmental Stressors

Answer 7

Occur at predictable times throughout an individual’s life

Question 8

Situational Stressors

Answer 8

Are unpredictable and may occur at any time during life

Question 9

Degree of the Effects of Stress Depends

Answer 9

To some extent on an individual’s developmental stage

Question 10

Consequences of Stress

Answer 10

PHYSICAL, EMOTIONAL, INTELLECTUAL, SOCIAL, and SPIRITUAL

Question 11

Models of Stress

Answer 11

Used to assist clients in strengthening healthy coping responses and in adjusting unhealthy, unproductive responses

Question 12

Stimulus-Based Stress Models

Answer 12

Stress is defined as a stimulus, a life event, or a set of circumstances that arouses physiological and/or psychological reactions that may increase the individual’s vulnerability to illness

Question 13

General Adaptation Syndrome (Stress Syndrome)

Answer 13

A chain or pattern of physiological events (Selye’s stress response)

Question 14

Stressor

Answer 14

Any factor that produces stress and disturbs the body’s equilibrium

Question 15

Local Adaptation Syndrome (LAS)

Answer 15

The body reacts locally. One organ or part of the body reacts alone. (i.e. Inflammation)

Question 16

Alarm Reaction

Answer 16

Initial reaction of the body which alerts the body’s defenses

Question 17

Alarm Reaction: Shock Phase

Answer 17

The stressor may be perceived consciously or unconsciously by the person

Question 18

Clinical Manifestations of Local Adaptation Syndrome

Answer 18

HEAT (hyperemia), REDNESS (erythema), SWELLING (edema), PAIN, and LOSS of FUNCTION

Question 19

Stages of General Adaptation Syndrome

Answer 19

Alarm reaction, Resistance stage, Exhaustion stage

Question 20

Clinical Manifestations of Alarm Stage of General Adaptation Syndrome

Answer 20

CARDIOVASCULAR, RESPIRATORY, PERCEPTUAL, INTEGUMENTARY, GASTROINTESTINAL, URINARY, METABOLIC/OTHER

Question 21

Fight or Flight Lasts

Answer 21

From 1 minute to 24 hours

Question 22

Alarm Reaction: Countershock Phase

Answer 22

The changes produced in the body during the shock phase are reversed. It slows down.

Question 23

Stage of Resistance

Answer 23

The body attempts to cope with the stressor and to limit the stressor to the smallest area of the body that can deal with it.

Question 24

Stage of Exhaustion

Answer 24

The adaptation that the body made during the second stage cannot be maintained. If the adaptation has not overcome the stressor, the stress effects may spread to the entire body. The body either rests and returns to normal, or death may result.

Question 25

Transactional Stress Theory

Answer 25

A set of cognitive, affective, and adaptive (coping) responses that arise out of person-environment transactions.

Question 26

Indicators of Stress: Physiological Indicators

Answer 26

Signs and symptoms of stress result from activation of the sympathetic and neuroendocrine systems of the body.

Question 27

Indicators of Stress: Psychological Indicators

Answer 27

Include anxiety, fear, anger, depression, and unconscious ego defense mechanisms

Question 28

Anxiety

Answer 28

A state of mental uneasiness, apprehension, dread, or foreboding or a feeling of helplessness related to an impending or anticipated and unidentified threat to self or significant relationships. Experienced at the conscious, subconscious, or unconscious level.

Question 29

Anxiety Levels

Answer 29

MILD anxiety, MODERATE anxiety, SEVERE anxiety, and PANIC

Question 30

Fear

Answer 30

An emotion or feeling of apprehension aroused by impending or seeming danger, pain, or another perceived threat