Chapter 17: Health, Wellness, and Illness

Question 1

Health

Answer 1

a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity (ailment). Affected by everything they interact with.

Question 2

Health Behaviors

Answer 2

the actions people take to understand their health state, maintain an optimal state of health, prevent illness and injury, and reach their maximum physical and mental potential.

Question 3

Health Beliefs

Answer 3

concepts about health that an individual believes are true

Question 4

Health Status

Answer 4

state of health of an individual at a given time

Question 5

Lifestyle

Answer 5

a person’s general way of living, including living conditions and individual patterns of behavior that are influenced by sociocultural factors and personal characteristics.

Question 6

Risk Factors

Answer 6

practices that have potentially negative effects on health

Question 7

Well-being

Answer 7

a subjective perception of vitality and feeling well…can be described objectively, experienced, and measured…and can be plotted on a continuum.

Question 8

Wellness

Answer 8

a state of well-being

Question 9

7 Components of Wellness by Anspaugh, Hamrick, and Rosato

Answer 9

PHYSICAL, SOCIAL, EMOTIONAL, INTELLECTUAL, SPIRITUAL, OCCUPATIONAL, and ENVIRONMENTAL

Question 10

Clinical Model

Answer 10

Narrowest interpretation of health. The state of not being “sick”. Focused on the relief of signs and symptoms of disease and elimination of malfunction and pain. When no longer present, health is restored.

Question 11

Role Performance Model

Answer 11

Health defined in terms of the individual’s ability to fulfill societal roles. Sickness is the inability to perform one’s work role.

Question 12

Adaptive Model

Answer 12

Aim of treatment is to restore the ability of the person to adapt, that is, to cope. Extreme good health is flexible adaptation to the environment and interaction with the environment to maximum advantage. The person as an adaptive system.

Question 13

Eudemonistic Model

Answer 13

Health is seen as a condition of actualization or realization of a person’s potential. Illness prevents self-actualization (Maslow).

Question 14

Agent-Host-Environment Model (Ecologic Model)

Answer 14

used primarily in predicting illness rather than in promoting wellness. When the 3 variables are not in balance, disease occurs.

Question 15

Health-Illness Continua

Answer 15

used to measure a person’s perceived level of wellness. There is no distinct boundary across which people move from health to illness or from illness back to health.

Question 16

Dunn’s High-Level Wellness Grid: 4 Quadrants

Answer 16

HIGH-LEVEL WELLNESS in a FAVORABLE environment, EMERGENT HIGH-LEVEL WELLNESS in an UNFAVORABLE environment, PROTECTED POOR HEALTH in a FAVORABLE environment, and POOR HEALTH in an UNFAVORABLE environment

Question 17

Illness-Wellness Continuum (Travis)

Answer 17

ranges from high-level wellness to premature death. To the right, increasing levels of health and well-being. 3 steps: AWARENESS, EDUCATION, and GROWTH.

Question 18

The 4+ Model of Wellness

Answer 18

consists of the 4 domains of the inner self–PHYSICAL, SPIRITUAL, EMOTIONAL, and INTELLECTUAL – plus elements of outer systems (environment, culture, nutrition, safety, etc.)

Question 19

Genetic Makeup Influences

Answer 19

biologic characteristics, innate temperature, activity level, and intellectual potential.

Question 20

Genomics

Answer 20

How genetics interacts with the environment and other personal factors in influencing health

Question 21

Prolonged Emotional Distress

Answer 21

may increase susceptibility to organic disease or precipitate it.

Question 22

Self-concept

Answer 22

how a person feels about self (self-esteem) and perceives the physical self (body image), needs, roles, and abilities. It affects how people view and handle situations.