Chapter 16: Health Promotion Flashcards
Boundary
A real or imaginery line that differentiates one system from another system or a system from its environment.
Closed System
Does not exchange energy, matter, or information with its environment; it receives no input from the environment and gives no output to the environment (ex. a chemical reaction in a test tube)
Compensatory
Tend to counteract conditions that are abnormal for the person
Equilibrium
Balance
Feedback
Mechanism by which some of the output of a system is returned to the system as input
Holism
Keep the whole person in mine and strive to understand how one area of concern related to the whole person. Consider the relationship of the individual to the external environment and to others.
Homeostasis
The tendency of the body to maintain a state of balance for equilibrium while continually changing. First introduced by CANNON.
Input
Consist of information, material, or energy that enters the system.
Negative Feedback
Inhibits change. Most biological systems are controlled by negative feedback to bring the system back to stability.
Open Sysytem
Energy, matter, and information move into and out of the system through the system’s boundary. Survival depends on a continuous exchange of energy (ex. all living systems).
Output
Energy, matter, or information given out by the system as a result of its processes.
Positive Feedback
Stimulates change
Psychological Homeostasis
emotional or ___________ balance or state of mental well-being. Each person has certain ____________ needs. When one or more isn’t met or threatened, certain coping mechanisms are activated. It is acquired or learned through the experience of living and interacting with others.
Self-regulation
Homeostatic mechanisms come into play automatically in the healthy person. If the person is ill, or if an organ is injured, the homeostatic mechanisms may not be able to respond to the stimulus as they would normally.
System
A set of interacting identifiable parts or components. The fundamental components of a __________ are matter, energy, and communication. Without any one of these, it does not exist.
Throughput
The transformation after the input is absorbed by the system, it is processed in a way useful to the system
Physiological Homeostasis
The internal environment of the body is relatively stable and constant. The body’s internal environment must be maintained within narrow limits.
Homeostatic Mechanisms: 4 Main Characteristics
SELF-REGULATING, COMPENSATORY (counterbalancing), tend to be REGULATED BY NEGATIVE FEEDBACK SYSTEMS, may require SEVERAL FEEDBACK MECHANISMS TO CORRECT only one physiological imbalance.
Prerequisites to Develop Psychological Homeostasis
STABLE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT (person feels safe and secure), STABLE PSYCHOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT from infancy onward (feelings of trust and love develop), SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT (healthy role models), and a LIFE EXPERIENCE that provides SATISFACTIONS
Needs Theories
Human ____ are ranked on an ascending scale according to how essential the ____ are for survival
Maslow: 5 Levels of Human Needs
PHYSIOLOGICAL (air, food, water, shelter, etc), SAFETY and SECURITY, LOVE and BELONGING, SELF-ESTEEM, and SELF-ACTUALIZATION (develop one’s max. potential and realize one’s abilities and qualities)
Kalish: 6 Levels of Human Needs
adds an additional category between the physiological ____ and the safety and security ____. STIMULATION _____: sex, activity, exploration, manipulation, and novelty.
Human Needs Serve as
a framework for assessing behaviors, assigning priorities to desired outcomes, and planning nursing interventions.
Characteristics of Basic Needs
Each person’s ____ and reactions to those _____ are influenced by the culture with which the person identifies.
