Chapter 42/Sleep Flashcards
affected by light, temperature, social activities, and work routines
circadian rhythms
frequently becomes synchronized with other body functions
biological rhythm of sleep
a sleeper progresses through four stages during a typical 90-minute sleep cycle; sleep becomes increasingly deep;
nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep
the phase at the end of each sleep cycle
rapid-eye movement sleep
stage lasts a few minutes; includes lightest level of sleep; awakened person feels as though daydreaming
Stage 1 NREM
stage lasts approximately 15 to 30 minutes; the deepest stage of sleep; vitals signs are significantly lower than during waking hours; very difficult to arouse sleeper
Stage 4 NREM
stage lasts about 15 to 30 minutes; involves initial stages of deep sleep; muscles are completely relaxed; vital signs decline but remain regular
Stage 3 NREM
stage usually begins about 90 minutes after sleep begins; duration increases with each sleep cycle and averages 20 minutes; vivid full-color dreaming occurs; fluctuating vitals; very difficult to arouse sleeper
REM
stage lasts 10 to 20 minutes; period of sound sleep; relaxation progresses; body functions slow; arousal relatively easy
Stage 2 NREM
Name some physical illnesses that can cause pain, physical discomfort, anxiety, depression and sleep disturbance (5)
Hypertension Respiratory disorders Nocturia Pain Restless leg syndrome (RLS)
Excessive sleepiness
hypersomnolence
the use of electroencephalography (EED), electromyography (EMG), and electro-oculography (EOG) to monitor stages of sleep and wakefulness during nighttime sleep
polysomnogram
sudden muscle weakness during intense emotions such as anger, sadness, or laughter; can occur at any time of the day
cataplexy
the feeling of being unable to move or talk just before waking or falling asleep
sleep paralysis
a symptom that patients experience when they have chronic difficulty falling asleep, frequent awakenings form sleep, and/or short sleep or nonrestorative sleep
insomnia
Name that sleep disorder: adjustment sleep disorder
acute insomnia
practices tha a patient associates with sleep
sleep hygiene
Name that sleep disorder: muscles or structures of the oral cavity or throat relax during sleep, the upper airway becomes partially blocked, diminishing or stopping air flow for as long as 30 seconds
sleep apnea
Name that sleep disorder: childhood behavioral, inadequate sleep hygiene and medical conditions all cause it
insomnia
What are some structural causes of OSA?
deviated septum, nasal polyps, certain jaw configurations, larger neck circumference, or enlarged tonsils
What are some risk factors for OSA?
obesity, hypertension, smoking, heart failure, type II diabetes, alcohol, family history
Name that sleep disorder: sleepwalking (somnambulism)
sleep deprivation
a dysfunction of mechanisms that regulate sleep and wake states
narcolepsy
Name that sleep disorder: night terrors, nocturnal enuresis, body rocking
parasomnia
sleep problems that are more common in children than adults
parasomnia
What are physiological symptoms of sleep deprivation?
blurred vision, fine-motor clumsiness, decreased reflexes, slowed response time, decreased reasoning and judgement, decreased auditory and visual alertness, cardiac arrhythmias
What are psychological symptoms of sleep deprivation?
confusion, increased sensitivity to pain, irritable, withdrawn, apathetic, agitated, hyperactive, decreased motivation, excessive sleepiness
Name the sleeper: 16 hours a day
neonates
Name the sleeper:get about 7 1/2 hours a night
adolescents
Name the sleeper: Total 12 hours a day
toddlers
Name the sleeper: 8-10 hours at night totaling 15 hours a day
infants
Name the sleeper: total number of hours of sleep declines
middle and older adults
Name the sleeper: get 6 to 8 1/2 hours
young adults
Name the sleeper: get 9 to 10 hours
school age
Name the sleeper: 12 hours a night
preschoolers
Factors affecting sleep: physical illness
hypertension, respiratory, musculoskeletal, chronic illness, GI, nausea
Factors affecting sleep: Lifestyle
work schedule, social activities, routines
Factors affecting sleep:emotional stress
worries, physical health, death, losses
Factors affecting sleep: exercise and fatigue
moderate exercise and fatigue cause a restful sleep
Factors affecting sleep: drugs and substances
hypnotics, diuretics, narcotics, antidepressants, alcohol, caffeine, beta blockers, anticonvulsants
Factors affecting sleep: usual sleep patterns
may be disrupted by social activity or work schedule
Factors affecting sleep: environment
noise, routines
Factors affecting sleep: food and calorie intake
time of day, caffeine, nicotine, alcohol
