Chapter 42: Circulation and Respiration

Question 1

Blood vessel structure

Answer 1

Ateries and veins have three layers:

• Endothelium is the smooth inner lining
• Middle layer is smooth muscle
• Outer layer is composed of connective tissue

Capillaries have two layers:

• Endothelium is the inner layer
• Basal lamina is the outer layer

Question 2

Types of leukocytes

Answer 2

1. Basophils
2. Eosinophils
3. Neutrophils
4. Lymphocytes
5. Monocytes

Question 3

Blood component regeneration

Answer 3

Erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets all develop from stem cells in the red marrow of bones; especially ribs, vertebrae, sternum, and pelvis

The hormone erythropoietin (EPO) stimulates erythrocyte production when O2 delivery is low

Question 4

Clotting

Answer 4

Coagulation is the formation of a solid clot from liquid blood through a cascade of complex reactions that converts inactive fibrinogen to fibrin