Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bio 109 quiz 4 > Chapter 41: animal nutrition > Flashcards

Chapter 41: animal nutrition Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Suspension feeder

A

Organism which allows food to just flow in and separates water from food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Substrate feeder

A

Lives in its food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Fluid feeder

A

Animal that lives off of fluids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Bulk feeder

A

Eats relatively large pieces of food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Pepsinogen

A

Inactive form of pepsin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Pepsin

A

Acts with hydrochloric acid to create digestive juices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Chyme

A

Broken down mixed food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Chylomicron

A

Chyme that has been mixed with phospholipids, cholesterol, and proteins to become water soluble

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the four classes of essential nutrients?

A

Amino acids: Complete proteins, meats egg cheese, plants are incomplete
Fatty acids: Produced by the body itself, rare to have deficiency
Minerals: Inorganic material that is needed in small amounts
Vitamins: 13 types, water or fat soluble, acquired from food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why do individuals who eat only plant proteins need to eat specific plant combinations?

A

Because plants are considered incomplete proteins, so they need a wider variety to have all their amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How are undernourishment and malnourishment different?

A

Undernourishment: Not eating enough food
Malnourishment: Eating enough, but not enough of each essential nutrient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the main stages of food processing?

A

Ingestion: Taking food into body
Digestion: Breaking down food
Absorption: Taking nutrients into body
Elimination: Getting rid of food waste

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Contrast intracellular and extracellular digestion

A

Intracellular: digestion occurs inside cell
Extracellular: Digestion happens outside cell and is then taken in

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Oral cavity

A

Breaks down food into smaller bits and covers it in saliva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Stomach

A

Stores and breaks down food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Small intestine

A

Large surface area to absorb the most food

17
Q

Large intestine

A

Gets rid of food waste

18
Q

What is the function of a sphincter and where are they found?

A

Stomach, keep food from moving too fast through the alimentary canal

19
Q

Describe the digestive process that takes place in the stomach

A

Creates digestive juices which break down food, also creates a mulcous layer to protect itself from those juices

20
Q

What are chief cells? What are parietal cells?

A

Parietal cells: Create hydrogen and chlorine ions
Chief cells: Create pepsinogen

21
Q

What protects the stomach lining against self-digestion?

A

Mucus

22
Q

What is an ulcer and how is it caused?

A

A damaged part of the stomach, usually caused by a bacteria

23
Q

The duodenum is considered a major transition in the digestive tract; why?

A

Because it transitions from the stomach to the small intestines

24
Q

What are the major exocrine secretions of the pancreas and what are their roles in digestion?

A

Trypsin and Chymotrypsin, break down proteins in food

25
Q

What role does the gallbladder play in digestion?

A

Stores bile that is later added into the small intestine

26
Q

The surface area for a cylinder the size of the small intestine (six meters in length with a diameter of ~3.0 cm) is ~ 0.6 m2, yet the small intestine has an actual surface area of ~300 m2. How is this possible?

A

Because there are many grooves in the small intestine which increase its overall surface area

27
Q

What two major functions are served by having nutrient-rich blood enter the liver via the hepatic portal vein rather than return directly to the heart from the veins exiting the villi of the small intestine?

A

Allows the liver to 1. Process the food, and 2. Get rid of any toxins in the food

28
Q

What is the role of the lymphatic system in fat absorption?

A

It takes in all fats before releasing them into the body

29
Q

What are the components of the large intestine?

A

Colon, Cecum, and Rectum

30
Q

What is the major function of the colon?

A

Removes water from waste, allowing to be solid

31
Q

What are the roles of gastrin, cholecystokinin, and secretin in controlling digestion?

A

Gastrin: Causes release of gastric juices
Cholecystokinin: Tells the pancreas to release digestive enzymes
Secretin: Promotes release of bicarbonate
CCK and secretin slow down peristalsis

32
Q

How do insulin and glucagon function to maintain glucose homeostasis?

A

Because they regulate the synthesis and breakdown of glycogen, which regulates blood sugar levels, basically stored up sugar, so insulin and glycogen make the sugar get broken down, or stored more

Bio 109 quiz 4 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions