Chapter 41 Flashcards
Nutrition
Process by which an organism takes in & makes use of food substances
What does an adequate diet include for animals
Chemical energy, macromolecules, & essential nutrients
Essential nutrients
Substances that an animal requires but can’t assemble from simple organic molecules
Essential amino acid
Amino acid that an animal can’t synthesize itself & must be obtained from food in prefabricated form
How many essential amino acids do humans need
8
Vitamins
Organic molecules required in small amounts
Ingestion
Act of eating or feeding
Ingestion
Act of eating or feeding
Digestion
Food is broken down to molecules small enough for body to absorb
Absorption
Stage where food is absorbed as small molecules
Absorption
Stage where food is absorbed as small molecules
Elimination
Stage where undigested material passes out
How are macromolecules broken down
Hydrolysis
Where does intracellular digestion occur
In the food vacuole of a cell
Where doss extracellular digestion occur
Outside of the cells
Benefit of extracellular digestion over intracellular
Allows for larger food to be digested
Peristalsis
Alternating waves of smooth muscle contraction and relaxation
Spincter
Ring-like valve muscle
What causes heartburn
Opening of cardiac sphincter allowing chyme to enter esophagus
Emulsify fat meaning
To break large fat globules to smaller ones
Villi
Finger like projections of inner surface of small intestine
Microvilli
One of many finger like projections of inner surface of epithelial lumen of small intestines
Function of microvilli and villi
Increases surface area for absorption
Rectum
Terminal portion of large intestine where feces is stored prior to elimination
