Chapter 41

Question 1

Nutrition

Answer 1

Process by which an organism takes in & makes use of food substances

Question 2

What does an adequate diet include for animals

Answer 2

Chemical energy, macromolecules, & essential nutrients

Question 3

Essential nutrients

Answer 3

Substances that an animal requires but can’t assemble from simple organic molecules

Question 4

Essential amino acid

Answer 4

Amino acid that an animal can’t synthesize itself & must be obtained from food in prefabricated form

Question 5

How many essential amino acids do humans need

Answer 5

8

Question 6

Vitamins

Answer 6

Organic molecules required in small amounts

Question 7

Ingestion

Answer 7

Act of eating or feeding

Question 8

Ingestion

Answer 8

Act of eating or feeding

Question 9

Digestion

Answer 9

Food is broken down to molecules small enough for body to absorb

Question 10

Absorption

Answer 10

Stage where food is absorbed as small molecules

Question 11

Absorption

Answer 11

Stage where food is absorbed as small molecules

Question 12

Elimination

Answer 12

Stage where undigested material passes out

Question 13

How are macromolecules broken down

Answer 13

Hydrolysis

Question 14

Where does intracellular digestion occur

Answer 14

In the food vacuole of a cell

Question 15

Where doss extracellular digestion occur

Answer 15

Outside of the cells

Question 16

Benefit of extracellular digestion over intracellular

Answer 16

Allows for larger food to be digested

Question 17

Peristalsis

Answer 17

Alternating waves of smooth muscle contraction and relaxation

Question 18

Spincter

Answer 18

Ring-like valve muscle

Question 19

What causes heartburn

Answer 19

Opening of cardiac sphincter allowing chyme to enter esophagus

Question 20

Emulsify fat meaning

Answer 20

To break large fat globules to smaller ones

Question 21

Villi

Answer 21

Finger like projections of inner surface of small intestine

Question 22

Microvilli

Answer 22

One of many finger like projections of inner surface of epithelial lumen of small intestines

Question 23

Function of microvilli and villi

Answer 23

Increases surface area for absorption

Question 24

Rectum

Answer 24

Terminal portion of large intestine where feces is stored prior to elimination

Question 25

Why do omnivore and herbivores have longer intestines than carnivores

Answer 25

Because it allows more area to absorb and digest plant nutrients

Question 26

What vitamins are formed by bacteria in the gut

Answer 26

Vitamin K, folic acid, and biotin.

Question 27

Undernourishment

Answer 27

General deficiency of chemical energy

Question 28

Undernourishment

Answer 28

General deficiency of nutrients

Question 29

Which vessels transport fats in small intestine

Answer 29

Lacteal (lymphatic vessel)