Chapter 31

Question 1

How does fungi absorb nutrient from environment

Answer 1

Using hydrolytic enzymes that catabolize molecules

Question 2

Decomposers

Answer 2

Absorb nutrients from dead organic material

Question 3

Parasites

Answer 3

Absorb nutrients from living organisms

Question 4

Mutualist fungi

Answer 4

Absorb nutrients from host but benefit the host as well

Question 5

Hyphae

Answer 5

Tubular cells with chitin in cell walls

Question 6

Septa

Answer 6

Structure that divides hyphae nuclei

Question 7

Mycelium

Answer 7

Interwoven mass of hyphae

Question 8

Haustoria

Answer 8

Modified hyphae that enable fungus to extract nutrients from plants

Question 9

arbuscles

Answer 9

Branching hyphae that are found in some mutualistic fungi & exchange nutrients with living plants

Question 10

Mycorrhizae

Answer 10

Mutually beneficial relationships between fungi & plant roots

Question 11

Ectomycorrhizal fungi

Answer 11

Form sheaths of hyphae over the surface of a root & typically grow into the extracellular spaces of the root cortex

Question 12

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Answer 12

Symbiotic fungus whose hyphae grow through cell wall of plant roots & extend into root cell

Question 13

What do fungi’s use to signal to other potential parters to reproduce

Answer 13

Pheromones

Question 14

Plasmogamy

Answer 14

Fusion of the cytoplasm of cells from 2 individuals

Question 15

Heterokaryon

Answer 15

Fungal mycelium that contains 2 or more haploid nuclei per cell

Question 16

Dikaryotic

Answer 16

Fungal mycelium with 2 haploid nuclei per cell, one from each parent

Question 17

Karyogamy

Answer 17

Fusion of haploid nuclei contributed by 2 parents

Question 18

Deuteromycetes

Answer 18

Traditional classification for fungus with no known sexual stages

Question 19

Chytrid

Answer 19

Fungi with mostly aquatic fungi with flagellated zoospores

Question 20

Zoopagomycetes

Answer 20

Multicellular parasites or commensal symbionts of animals, and have zygosporangium in sexual reproduction

Question 21

Zygosporangium function

Answer 21

Houses and protect spores

Question 22

Mucoromycete

Answer 22

Have zygosporangium during sexual reproduction and have either parasitic or mycorrhizal relation with plants

Question 23

Glomeromyceyes

Answer 23

Mucoromycetes that form arbuscular mycorrhizae

Question 24

Ascomycetes

Answer 24

Fungi with saclike structures (asci) where spores develop during sexual reproduction

Question 25

Ascocarp

Answer 25

Fruiting body of a ascomycete

Question 26

Lichen

Answer 26

Usually Ascomycetes that form symbiotic relation algae and cyanobacteria

Question 27

Conidia

Answer 27

Haploid spore produced at the tip of specialized hyphae in ascomycetes during asexual reproduction

Question 28

Basidium

Answer 28

Reproductive appendage that produces sexual spores on the gills of mushroom

Question 29

Basidiocarp

Answer 29

Fruiting body of basidiomycota Dikaryotic mycelium

Question 30

Endophyte

Answer 30

Harmless fungi or organism that lives in between cells of a plant or multicellular algae

Question 31

Soredia

Answer 31

Small cluster of hyphae with embedded algae