Chapter 40: Animal Form and Function Flashcards
Which of the following statements correctly describes the differences between simple squamous cells and stratified squamous cells?
Simple squamous cells form a single layer, which is useful for gas exchange, and stratified squamous cells are multilayered and regenerate rapidly.
Which of the following characteristics is likely to be found in larger versus smaller animals?
A highly branched respiratory system
What is the function of tendons
to attach muscle to bones
Which of the six major types of connective tissue has a rigid matrix that contains collagen and calcium salts?
Bones
Ligaments connect
Bone to Bone
Skeletal muscle is said to be “striated” because
Skeletal muscle is said to be “striated” because
What is the function of Interstitial Fluid?
Exchange between interstitial fluid and circulatory fluids enable cells to obtain nutrients
Emergent properties are
successive evolutionary traits passed down
How are tissues and organs related
Tissues are made up of group of similar cells and organs are different tissues organized into one.
What are the four types of tissue
Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous
Epithelial Tissue
Tissue that covers the body, lines the organs, and cavities within the body. Closely packed with tight junctions; act as a barrier against mechanical injury, pathogens, and fluid loss.
Connective Tissue
Consists of a sparse population of cells that hold together tissues and organs.
Collagenous fibers, Reticular Fibers, and Elastic fibers
Muscle Tissue
Tissue that is responsible for all types of movement. Contains Myosin and actin which enable muscles to contract.
Skeletal, Smooth, and Cardiac muscle tissue.
Nervous Tissue
Tissue is responsible for receiving, processing, and transmission of information. It contains neurons and support cells called glial cells.
Straitified Squamous epithelium
A multilayered tissue that regenerates rapidly. Commonly found outside the body, in the mouth, anus and vagina. (all places that are subject to abrasions)
Cuboidal Epithelium
Dice-shaped cells specialized for secretion. Mainly in the kidneys, thyroid, and salivary glands.
Simple Columnar Epithelium
Large brick-shaped cells found in areas where there is a lot of secretion, such as the intestines.
Simple Squamous Epithelium
Simple layer of platelike cells that exchange materials through diffusion. Found in blood vessels, air sacs, etc…
Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium
Cells with varying height that are found in the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract
Adipose Tissue
loose connective tissue that stores fat in adipose cells.
Cartilage
Contains collagenous fibers, found in disks and between bones as it is flexible.B
Loose connective tissue
Mose widespread connective tissue in the body, as It binds epithelia to underlying tissue and holds organs together
Fibrous connective tissue
Dense with collagenous fibers, found in tendons that connect muscle to bone; Also found in ligaments which are bone-to-join
Skeletal Muscle
Attached to bones by tendons, striated muscle is responsible for voluntary movement.
Smooth Muscle
Lacks striations and is found in the walls of the digestive, urinary, and arteries. Responsible for involuntary muscle movements.
Cardiac Muscle
Forms the contractile walls of the heart. It is striated and has branched fibers that interconnect to relay signals.
Regulators
Animals in which mechanisms of homeostasis moderate internal change
Conformers
Animals in which internal conditions conform to the envrionment
Acclimization
The physiological change based on a changing envrionment
What are four ways heat is exchanged between organisms
- Radiation
- Evaporation
- Convection
- Conduction
Integumentary system functions
Help regulate temperature and involved in thermoregulation
Metabolic Rate
Sum of all energy used in a given time interval
Basal Metabolic Rate
Rate of resting, fasting, and nonstressed endotherms at a comfy temp
Standard Metabolic Rate
MBR but at a non comfy temp
Larger animals have _____ BMR
Higher.
Topor
Physiological state in which activity is low and metabolism decreases
