Chapter 4 Vocabulary

Question 1

The process of setting performance objectives and determining how to accomplish them

Answer 1

Planning

Question 2

Specific results that one wishes to achieve

Answer 2

Objectives

Question 3

A statement of intended means for accomplishing objectives

Answer 3

Plan

Question 4

Being pulled into action by current successes or failures

Answer 4

Complacency trap

Question 5

Lower-level objectives help to accomplish higher-level ones

Answer 5

Hierarchy of objectives

Question 6

Is underestimating the time required to complete a task

Answer 6

Planning fallacy

Question 7

Usually cover a year or less

Answer 7

Short range plans

Question 8

Usually cover three years or more

Answer 8

Long range plans

Question 9

Identifies long term directions for the organization

Answer 9

Strategic plan

Question 10

Clarifies the purpose of the organization and expresses what it hopes to be in the future

Answer 10

Vision

Question 11

Sets out ways to implement a strategic plan

Answer 11

Operational plan/tactical plan

Question 12

Identifies how different parts of an enterprise will contribute to accomplishing strategic plans

Answer 12

Functional plan

Question 13

A standing plan that communicates broad guidelines for decisions and action

Answer 13

Policy

Question 14

Rule precisely describing actions to take in specific situations

Answer 14

Procedure

Question 15

A plan that commits resources to projects or activities

Answer 15

Budget

Question 16

Allocates resources as if each budget was brand new

Answer 16

Zero-based budget

Question 17

Attempts to predict the future

Answer 17

Forecasting

Question 18

Identifies alternative courses of action to take when things go wrong

Answer 18

Contingency planning

Question 19

Identifies alternative future scenarios and makes plans to deal with each

Answer 19

Scenario planning

Question 20

Uses external comparisons to gain insights for planning

Answer 20

Benchmarking

Question 21

Methods that lead to superior performance

Answer 21

Best practices

Question 22

Performance targets that we have to work extra hard and stretch to reach

Answer 22

Stretch goals

Question 23

Set targets to create the knowledge and skills required for performance

Answer 23

Learning goals

Question 24

Set targets for actual performance results

Answer 24

Outcome goals

Question 25

Includes the persons who will be affected by plans and/or who will be asked to implement them

Answer 25

Participatory planning