Chapter 4 Vocab Quiz Flashcards
A group of members of the same species living in an area
Population
The populations of different species living together in one area
Community
The change in population number which is represented by the equation: (Births+ Immigration)-(Deaths+ Emigration)= Change in population number
Population growth
If births plus immigration are more or less equal to deaths plus emigration over time
Equilibrium
Population explosion under absolutely ideal conditions
J curve(exponential growth)
If resources run out following an exponential growth in population, the population experiences a huge die off
Reverse J curve
Natural mechanisms may cause the population to level off and continue in a dynamic equilibrium
S curve(logistic growth)
Maximum population of a species that a given habitat can support without the habitat being degraded over long term
Carrying capacity(limit)
Rate which members of species reproduce
Biotic potential
Survival through early growth stages to become part of the breeding population
Recruitment
Combination of biotic and abiotic factors that may limit population increase
Environmental resistance
High biotic potential
r-strategists
Low biotic potential
k-strategists
Good early survival and die of old age
Type I survivorship curve
Organisms die at a constant rate regardless of age
Type II survivorship curve
Poor early survival, improves with age
Type III survivorship curve
Number of individuals per unit area
Population density
Factor that causes population growth to decrease
Limiting factor
Limiting factor depending on population size
Density-depending limiting factor
Affect all populations in similar ways, regardless populations size
Density-independent limiting factor
States that no two species can occupy same niche in same habitat at same time
Competitive exclusion principle
Lowest population level for survival and recovery
Critical number
Species whose populations are declining rapidly
Threatened (Endangered Species Act)
Population is near what scientists believe to be its critical number
Endangered (Endangered Species Act)
Two organisms living together
Symbiosis
Mutual benefit to both species
Mutualism
One species benefits from the interaction and the other is adversely affected
Commensalism
One species benefits from the interaction and the other is adversely affected
Parasitism
Both species are adversely affected by the interaction
Competition
Organisms that kill and eat other animals
Predator
Organisms that are eaten by a predator
Prey
Are consumers feeding on their hosts
Parasites
Plant or animal that is fed upon
Host
Consumers that eat plants
Herbivores
Consumers that eat meat
Carnivores
Consumers that feed on both plants and animals
Omnivores
Agents that carry the parasite from one host to another
Vectors
Animals that play an important role in maintaing an ecosystem
Keystone species
Competition between members of same species
Intraspecific competition
Defense of a resource against indiviuals of the same species
Territoriality
When plants produce a large number of seedlings in a limited area
Self-thinning in plants
5 species of North American warblers that coexist in the spruce forest of Maine
Resource partitioning
Each factor that can affect which individuals survive and reproduce which are eliminated
Selective pressures
Process by which populations of one species separate and develop into new species
Speciation
When similar organisms live within the same location but fulfill different niches
Sympatric speciation
When a new species is created over time because of physical separation of a population
Allopatric speciation
A theory that helps explain volcanoes and earthquakes
Plate tectonics
Hot material rises while cooler material sinks toward the interior
Convection currents
Oceanic plates slide under a continental plate
Subduction zones
Two continental plates converge resulting in the formation of mountain ranges
Collision zone
Boundaries where two plates are sliding past each other causing earthquakes
Transform fault zones
Animals or plants brought into an ecosystem from a foreign ecosystem
Introduces species
